Collective Organizing and Claim Making on Child Care in Norden: Blurring the Boundaries between the Inside and the Outside

The Europeanization of Nordic Gender Equality: A Foucauldian Analysis of Reconciling Work and Family in Finland

“…In a context characterized not only by EU membership (1995), but also the economic recession with high unemployment and cutbacks to social spending, and the introduction of new public management (Holli and Kantola, 2007), the public sector was no longer given exclusive responsibility for supporting citizens' work-family balance, but market and third sectors were increasingly requested to contribute. Overall in the 1990s, mothers' employment rate went down, and many women seemed to trade likely unemployment for a few years on child homecare leave (Bergman, 2004). Overall in the 1990s, mothers' employment rate went down, and many women seemed to trade likely unemployment for a few years on child homecare leave (Bergman, 2004).…”

“…In some organizations, the focus was put primarily on the development of certain family-friendly 'good' practices, i.e. At the same time, however, particularly the non-standard working time arrangements question the earlier norm and practice of women's full-time employment in Finland (see Bergman, 2004). In other organizations, an effort was made to transform organizational culturethe problematization and change of unconscious or informal assumptions, norms and ways of action concerning paid work and family life (Stakes, 2004b, p. 163).…”

“…Options of market-and homebased childcare were improved, commercial household services promoted, and labour market organizations and employers encouraged to facilitate reconciliation in the world of work (Eräranta, 2011a(Eräranta, , 2011b. Overall in the 1990s, mothers' employment rate went down, and many women seemed to trade likely unemployment for a few years on child homecare leave (Bergman, 2004).…”

Analysing Failure, Understanding Success: A Research Strategy for Explaining Gender Equality Policy Adoption

“…Stetson & Mazur 1995;Chappell 2002;Lovenduski 2005;Outshoorn & Kantola 2007), women's movement activists (e.g. Gelb 1989;Banaszak 1996;Beckwith 2001;Weldon 2002;Bergman 2004;Franceschet 2004), members of parliament (e.g. Thomas 1991;Reingold 2000;Swers 2001;Bratton & Ray 2002;Childs 2004;Bratton 2005;Beckwith 2007;Celis et al 2008), women in the executive (e.g.…”

Kön och makt i Norden. Del II Sammanfattande diskussion och analys

“…I samtlige land var det etterspørsel etter arbeidskraft for bygging av landet og å «holde hjulene i gang», og i Danmark, Finland og Sverige ble gifte kvinner mobilisert og daginstitusjoner for barn etablert ut fra økonomiske og delvis pedagogiske hensyn. I Norge skjedde ingen slik mobilisering, og da daginstitusjoner for barn etter hvert ble etablert, var det med begrunnelse i pedagogiske hensyn -for barnets beste -ikke av hensyn til økonomisk vekst, ei heller for å bidra til likestilling (Leira 1989, Bergman 2004. Det er et åpent spørsmål om barns status betyr vesentlig mer for kvinners status og for likestilling, enn forskningen hittil har fått med seg.…”