Collision analysis of CSMA/CA based MAC protocol for duty cycled WBANs

The IEEE 802.15.6 standard has the potential to provide cost-effective and unobtrusive medical services to individuals with chronic health conditions. It is a low-power standard developed for wireless body area networks and enables wireless communication inside or near a human body. This standard utilizes a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol to improve network performance under different channel access priorities. However, the CSMA/CA proposed in the IEEE 802.15.6 standard has poor throughput performance and link reliability when some of the nodes deployed on a human body are hidden from each other. We employ the RTS/CTS scheme to solve hidden node problems in IEEE 802.15.6 networks over a lossy channel. To improve performance of the RTS/CTS scheme, we adjust transmission power levels of the nodes according to transmission failures. We estimate throughput and energy consumption of the proposed model by differentiating several parameters, such as contention window size, values of bit error ratios, number of nodes in different priority classes. The performance results are obtained through analytical approximations and simulations. We observe that the proposed model significantly improves performance of the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA by resolving hidden node problems.

Section: Rts/cts Scheme For Previous Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of RTS/CTS Scheme in Beacon-Enabled IEEE 802.15.6 MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks

Ullah

Hassan

Hossain

et al. 2020

“…As two common MAC protocols, CSMA and TDMA are usually employed to avoid collisions and mitigate interferences. CSMA has a natural coexistence capable (i.e., multiple WBANs are allowed to share the same channel if some collisions are tolerated) [ 23 ]. WBANs are also able to coexist if time slots are rescheduled to avoid repeated collisions [ 25 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because these technologies are all operating in single channel, we call them Channel-shared Coexistence Technologies. Different from channel hopping studies in traditional ad hoc networks [ 14 ] and our previous work in WBANs [ 23 ] (i.e., a collision analysis study in duty-cycled and CSMA-based WBANs), where links/nodes are independent individuals and could be regarded as “link/node level” works, this paper considers each WBAN as a basic unit, and thereby it could be regarded as a “WBAN level” work. Since we define Coexistence Capacity (CC) as the maximum number of WBANs that a channel can support, the coexistence capacity extension of the channels provides an opportunity to reduce the probability of channel conflicts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Coexistence Capability Evaluations of the Enhanced Channel Hopping Mechanism in WBANs

Wei

Sun

2017

Self Cite

As an important coexistence technology, channel hopping can reduce the interference among Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). However, it simultaneously brings some issues, such as energy waste, long latency and communication interruptions, etc. In this paper, we propose an enhanced channel hopping mechanism that allows multiple WBANs coexisted in the same channel. In order to evaluate the coexistence performance, some critical metrics are designed to reflect the possibility of channel conflict. Furthermore, by taking the queuing and non-queuing behaviors into consideration, we present a set of analysis approaches to evaluate the coexistence capability. On the one hand, we present both service-dependent and service-independent analysis models to estimate the number of coexisting WBANs. On the other hand, based on the uniform distribution assumption and the additive property of Possion-stream, we put forward two approximate methods to compute the number of occupied channels. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our estimation approaches can provide an effective solution for coexistence capability estimation. Moreover, the enhanced channel hopping mechanism can significantly improve the coexistence capability and support a larger arrival rate of WBANs.

“…In such, the intermediate node does not participate in cooperation until the destination does not receive what was sent by the source correctly [ 17 ]. The TCC has been widely considered in the literature for WBAN systems [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], however, in this paper, only the ICC is surveyed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Data-Based Incremental Cooperative Communication for Wireless Body Area Network

Al-Mishmish

Akhayyat

Rahim

et al. 2018

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are single-hop network systems, where sensors gather the body’s vital signs and send them directly to master nodes (MNs). The sensors are distributed in or on the body. Therefore, body posture, clothing, muscle movement, body temperature, and climatic conditions generally influence the quality of the wireless link between sensors and the destination. Hence, in some cases, single hop transmission (‘direct transmission’) is not sufficient to deliver the signals to the destination. Therefore, we propose an emergency-based cooperative communication protocol for WBAN, named Critical Data-based Incremental Cooperative Communication (CD-ICC), based on the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA standard but assuming a lognormal shadowing channel model. In this paper, a complete study of a system model is inspected in the terms of the channel path loss, the successful transmission probability, and the outage probability. Then a mathematical model is derived for the proposed protocol, end-to-end delay, duty cycle, and average power consumption. A new back-off time is proposed within CD-ICC, which ensures the best relays cooperate in a distributed manner. The design objective of the CD-ICC is to reduce the end-to-end delay, the duty cycle, and the average power transmission. The simulation and numerical results presented here show that, under general conditions, CD-ICC can enhance network performance compared to direct transmission mode (DTM) IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA and benchmarking. To this end, we have shown that the power saving when using CD-ICC is 37.5% with respect to DTM IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA and 10% with respect to MI-ICC.