“…As shown in Figure 2, the degree of physical and chemical degradation can be characterized by indicators such as appearance, oxidation properties, friction properties, and rheological properties. The changes in appearance of lubricating grease can be preliminarily observed and compared through human eyes, and a more detailed microscopic morphology can also be obtained through an electron microscope scanner (SEM) (ATA Scientific Pty Ltd., Caringbah, Australia) [10], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) [11], and atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Oxford Instruments Asylum Research, Oxford, UK) [12]. The appearance of lubricating grease was compared through human-eye observation, and the microstructure of lubricating grease was compared and analyzed through SEM testing in this article.…”