Color vision devices for color vision deficiency patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background and Aims: There is insufficient evidence to support that using electronic or optical color vision devices improve color perception with current advanced technology. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the different color vision devices available for patients with color vision deficiency (CVD) and evaluate whether these devices improved their color perception.Methods: This review included randomized, experimental, comparative studies, as well as narrative reviews, prototype and innovation studies, and translational studies, followed by case-control and clinical trials with nonsurgical interventions studies, that is, electronic color vision devices, optical devices, and contact lens-based studies, with standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The primary outcome studied was the performance of color vision devices, both objective and subjective. Secondary outcomes included the ease of use and accessibility of color vision devices and technology. The grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation framework was used to develop a systematic approach for consideration and clinical practice recommendation for CVD devices for color-deficient populations. We incorporated meta-analysis reports from a total of n = 16 studies that met the criteria which consisted of case-control studies, prototype and innovation studies, comparative studies, pre-and post-clinical trial studies, case studies, and narrative reviews. Proportion and standard errors, as well as correlations, were calculated from the meta-analysis for various available color vision devices. Conclusion:This review concludes that commercially available color vision devices, such as EnChroma Glasses, Chromagen filters, and EnChroma Cx-14 do not provide clinically significant evidence that subjective color perception has improved. As a result, recommending these color vision devices to the CVD population may not prove high beneficial/be counterproductive. However, only a few color shades can be perceived differently. This systematic review and analysis will aid future research and development in color vision devices.

Towards Conceptualizing a Policy and Promoting Advocacy for People With Color Vision Deficiency: Addressing the Importance of Color Vision Deficiency in India and Creating a Global Reference Template

“…However, according to the Male et al (2023b) latest systematic reviews, in India, the overall prevalence has increased. The age group affected by the increased prevalence was children and adults.…”

“…Moreover, only a few studies have documented the real global prevalence of CVD. Male et al (2023b) compiled the available literature and represented the prevalence of CVD globally by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, as shown in Table 2.…”

“…Supportive interventions should be created to encourage access to treatments and adjustments in educational and working contexts, such as assistive technology, alternative learning materials, and workplace adjustments. To improve the quality of healthcare, research and development should be supported, with an emphasis on new screening methods, treatment options, and rehabilitation and assistive technology devices (Male et al, 2022; Valero, 2022).…”

Therapeutic applications of contact lens-based drug delivery systems in ophthalmic diseases

“…Color vision deficiency (CVD) is an incurable congenital eye disorder that limits patient’s abilities to distinguish specific colors. Patients with CVD often need to use color vision filters like chromogen filters, tinted glass/lens to enhance their color perception, which is considered unesthetic (Badawy et al., 2018 ; Sekar et al., 2019 ; Male et al., 2022 ). Recently, with the development of metasurfaces and nanoparticle technology, innovative contact lenses for CVD have emerged.…”

Method of color image formation taking into account the human perception features

“…For more accurate color reproduction, it is necessary to shift from the CMF model of the standard colorimetric observer to CMFs that will take into account the individual characteristics of each person's vision. There are many studies on how to account for human visual perception in the imaging pipeline [1,2]. The important step in the direction connected with the display part of the pipeline was done in the research [3,4], where the principle of categorical observers has been proposed.…”