“…Previous studies conducted on the spined toad, Bufo spinosus , have associated AMPA exposure with numerous adverse effects, such as higher embryonic and larval mortality, increased oxidative stress in tadpoles (Cheron et al, 2022; Cheron and Brischoux, 2023, 2020) and altered colouration in adult males (Tartu et al, 2023). In addition, in a companion study using the same individuals as the present one, we reported that environmentally relevant concentrations of AMPA (0.4 µg L -1 ) led to increased deformity rate upon hatching and increased development length, with effects depending on the habitat of origin of the parents (agricultural versus forest, Tartu et al, 2022).…”