Comamonas badia sp. nov., a floe-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge

Abstract

IntroductionBacteria in activated sludge usually aggregate with each other and this process is called floc formation. This floc formation is an integral part of the activated sludge process. In a previous paper (Tago and Aida, 1977), we reported on a floc-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge and mentioned that it belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, although it is not classifiable into one of the described species. Here, we describe morphological, phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics of this strain. On the basis of the results described, we propose that this strain be considered a novel species of the genus Comamonas and given the name Comamonas badia. Materials and Methods Bacterial strain. Strain IAM 14839T (previously designated as strain no. 12) was isolated from a phenol-adapted activated sludge derived from plant in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan (Tago et al., 1975a). Growth media and cultivation. LB medium containing 10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extracts and 5 g of NaCl per liter (pH 7.2) was used. One milliliter of stocked culture of strain IAM 14839 T at Ϫ80°C in LB medium plus 20% glycerol was inoculated into 100 ml of LB medium in a 500-ml flask and incubated on a rotary shaker at 27°C for 3 days. The 3-day culture was left standing for 15 min and the settled mass of the floc was transferred into 2 L of the same medium in a 5-L flask by a pipette and incubated for 3 days. The final culture was left standing for 20 min and the settled mass was washed several times with deionized cold water by decantation. This floc was used for chromosomal DNA extraction and the lyophilized floc was used for chemotaxonomic characterization.

Comamonas composti sp. nov., isolated from food waste compost

“…The fatty acid pattern of the strain YY287 T is shown in Table 1 in comparison with other representative Comamonas species. The fatty acid profile of strain YY287 T was in good agreement with data obtained for other members of the genus Comamonas (Chang et al, 2002;Wauters et al, 2003;Tago &Yokota, 2004;Chou et al, 2007) (Table 1).…”

“…nov.); 2, C. odontotermitis Dant3-8 T ; 3, C. koreensis DSM 18232 T ; 4, C. testosteroni DSM 50244 T ; 5, C. terrigena LMG 1253 T ; 6, C. denitrificans DSM 17887 T ; 7, C. nitrativorans DSM 13191 T ; 8, C. aquatica LMG 2370 T ; 9 C. kerstersii LMG 3475 T ; 10, C. badia DSM 17552 T . The data for species C. koreensis, C. testosteroni, C. terrigena, and C. badia were obtained from Chang et al (2002) and Tago & Yokota (2004). The data for C. odontotermitis, C. denitrificans, C. nitrativorans, C. aquatica and C. kerstersii were obtained from Chou et al (2007).…”

“…Biomass for fatty acid studies was grown in nutrient medium for 2 days at 28 u C, as described by Chang et al (2002), Tago &Yokota (2004 and Chou et al (2007). Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared, separated and identified according to the instructions of Microbial Identification System (MIDI; Microbial ID) (Sasser, 1990).…”

Performance and microbial community composition in a long-term sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor operation treating coking wastewater

“…Ma et al (2015a) and Zhu et al (2016) also observed a higher abundance of Thiobacillus and Comamonas in aerobic activated sludge treating CWW. Additionally, certain species of detected bacteria, such as Comamonas and Ottowia, are floc-forming bacteria (Tago and Yokota 2004;Felföldi et al 2010) and might play significant roles in active sludge structure formation, and hence contribute to the stability of the aerobic system.…”

Description of Comamonas sediminis sp. nov., isolated from lagoon sediments

“…Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine are the major polar lipids of species of the genus Comamonas (Zhu et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2013). Type strains of species of this genus have been collected from different environmental samples like activated sludge (Tago & Yokota, 2004;Chipirom et al, 2012;Gumaelius et al, 2001), compost (Zhu et al, 2014;Young et al, 2008), waste water treatment granules (Kim et al, 2008), wetlands (Chang et al, 2002), agricultural soils (Chitpirom et al, 2012), forest sediments , termite gut (Chou et al, 2007), landfill leachate (Etchebehere et al, 2001), sludge and soil (Sun et al, 2013) and phenol-contaminated soil (Yu et al, 2011). At the time of manuscript writing a total of 18 species names are validated in this genus while 'Comamonas faecalis' (Kim & Lee, 2014) does not yet have validly published name.…”