Combination with allogenic bone reduces early absorption of .BETA.-tricalcium phosphate (.BETA.-TCP) and enhances the role as a bone regeneration scaffold. Experimental animal study in rat mandibular bone defects

Abstract

β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was grafted into rat mandibular bone defects to assess its potential as a scaffold material for bone regeneration. For this purpose, β-TCP (TCP), allogenic bone (Allograft), and allogenic bone combined with β-TCP (Combined) were employed as graft materials. To the left side of the graft materials in the bone defects, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was added. The rats were sacrificed at one, three, and five weeks. Bone formation rate (BFR), remaining β-TCP rate (RTR), β-TCP absorption rate (TAR), whole amount of β-TCP (WTCP), and total rate of BFR and RTR (TBR) were measured. Combined showed equivalent BFR to Allograft at five weeks, and showed higher RTR at one week and higher BFR at five weeks than TCP. Combined with PRP showed higher TAR than that without PRP at three weeks. Therefore, combination with allogenic bone showed reduced β-TCP absorption, hence enhancing the role of β-TCP in bone regeneration. These findings suggested that β-TCP is a better scaffold for bone regeneration if its early absorption is reduced when used in combination with an osteogenic material.

Animal Models to Study Host-Bacteria Interactions Involved in Periodontitis

“…The rat mandibular bone defect model was developed to study bone formation in the mandible [89]. This model has been useful in designing studies to compare the efficacy of different materials to augment bone formation including barrier membranes [90–92], bone grafts [93], growth factors and hormones [92, 94–96] and other factors such as ultrasound stimulation [97, 98]. In this model, the angle of the rat mandible is surgically exposed on both the buccal and the lingual aspects and a through-and-through osseous defect of 5 mm is created with a trephine burr.…”

<b>Analysis of indicators of osteogenesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an experimental β-TCP compared to other bone substitutes

“…In relation to the β-TCP (Bionnovation), no report in the literature was found. Nevertheless, in general, β-TCP has been widely studied and it has been considered a biocompatible, osteoconductive, and resorbable bone substitute (Al-Sanabani et al, 2013;Hirota et al, 2009;Shiratori et al, 2005). Tests of biocompatibility indicated that the experimental β-TCP, as well as both β-TCP and Bio-Oss ® , exhibited neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity.…”

“…Some studies have indicated that α-TCP particles present cytotoxicity (Santos et al, 2002) and instability (Lew, Othman, Ishikawa, & Yeoh, 2012). On the other hand, β-TCP has been considered biocompatible, absorbable and osteoconductive, leading to formation of bone tissue around and also inside pores (Al-Sanabani et al, 2013;Hirota et al, 2009). It has been used in a variety of surgical procedures with satisfactory clinical and histological findings in animals and humans (Al-Sanabani et al, 2013;Brkovic et al, 2008).…”

Thin Hydroxyapatite Coating on Porous Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) Enhances Osteoblast Function Activity

“…Bone tissue is constantly replaced by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits osteoclast differentiation, whereas the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) enhances its differentiation and the solubility of β-TCP was influenced by these cells function 2,8) .…”

“…Consequently, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-based bone substitutes were developed [2][3][4][5] . β-TCP often shows early absorption before adequate bone replacement has occurred.…”