Combinatorial Biomatrix/Cell‐Based Therapies for Restoration of Host Tissue Architecture and Function

Abstract

This Progress Report reviews recent advances in the utility of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimic biomaterials in presenting and delivering therapeutic cells to promote tissue healing. This overview gives a brief introduction of different cell types being used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering while addressing critical issues that must be overcome before cell-based approaches can be routinely employed in the clinic. A selection of 5 commonly used cell-associated, biomaterial platforms (collagen, hyaluronic acid, fibrin, alginate, and poly(ethylene glycol)) are reviewed for treatment of a number of acute injury or diseases with emphasis on animal models and clinical trials. This article concludes with current challenges and future perspectives regarding foreign body host response to biomaterials and immunological reactions to allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, vascularization and angiogenesis, matching mechanical strength and anisotropy of native tissues, as well as other non-technical issues regarding the clinical translation of biomatrix/cell-based therapies.

Receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM/HMMR) is a novel target for promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis

“…Additionally, several soluble growth factors and cytokines[21-25] in the extracellular matrix (ECM)[26, 27] have a role in directing the fate of these cells. Native hyaluronan (HA) and osteopontin, which are ligands for CD44, support the proliferation and differentiation of these adipose derived stem cells into adipocytes[28-32]. While native, high molecular weight HA supports survival, proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes, fragmentation of HA suppresses adipocyte maturation.…”

Synthesis of stiffness‐tunable and cell‐responsive Gelatin–poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel for three‐dimensional cell encapsulation

“…The initial mesh size of each hydrogel was calculated by using Eqs. (1) and (3)(4)(5)(6)(7); however, the Q s used in the equations refers to the swelling at the time of crosslinking (not equilibrium). The initial swelling of GP hydrogels was measured by the swelling ratio (Q) as shown in Table II.…”

“…Hydrogel scaffolds are extensively used for tissue engineering and drug delivery. An ideal scaffold should have well‐matched physicochemical properties for a specific microenvironment and interact with surrounding cells . For tissue engineering of whole organs or parts of organs, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) construct is essential; one promising approach is encapsulating cells in a temporary 3‐D hydrogel .…”

“…An ideal scaffold should have well-matched physicochemical properties for a specific microenvironment and interact with surrounding cells. [1][2][3][4] For tissue engineering of whole organs or parts of organs, a three-dimensional (3-D) construct is essential; one promising approach is encapsulating cells in a temporary 3-D hydrogel. 5 Many studies have shown that cells cultured in a two-dimensional (2-D) environment, such as on a scaffold surface and Petri dish, are significantly different from those cultured in 3-D environment, such as an extracellular matrix (ECM).…”

Systematic evaluation of natural scaffolds in cutaneous wound healing

“…While the ideal case would be to implant cell-laden tissue constructs, limitations include extensive cell culture time (dependent on tissue type, complexity, and size), high cost, and risk of immunological rejection if autologous cells are not used. 1 b ,2 An attractive alternative approach is to judiciously choose a biomaterial or scaffold to induce the host’s natural processes for repair. In this investigation, we focused on systematically evaluating the role of scaffold type for cutaneous wound healing.…”