Combined chemically enhanced primary sedimentation and biofiltration process for low cost municipal wastewater treatment

A comparative study on polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and Moringa oleifera (MO) chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) in enhanced biogas production: anaerobic digestion performance and the Gompertz model

“…Thus, the optimal dose in this section was 10 mg L −1 for MO and 5 mg L −1 for PACl. In another study, 10 mg L −1 of PACl and 1.5 mg L −1 of cationic polyelectrolyte zetag8180 were used as coagulants in CEPT, and a combination of CEPT process with a trickling filter led to a reduction of 96% and 89% in COD and TSS parameters, respectively, 30 which is similar to our study with the removal efficiency of 72 and 90% of COD and TSS at a dose of 10 mg L −1 of PACL.…”

“…To this end, different dosages of Moringa oleifera (10-50 mg L −1 ) and PACl (5-30 mg L −1 ) were added to jars by considering different pH values (PACl (6)(7)(8) and Moringa oleifera (3-9)). [29][30][31][32][33] In addition, Zetag8180 cationic polyelectrolyte coagulant aid (1.5 mL L −1 ) for PACl and ferric chloride coagulant aid (20 mL L −1 ) for Moringa oleifera were added to jars and mixed in two steps (rapid mixing (250 rpm for 1 min) and slow mixing (60 rpm for 20 min)) and settling (30 min) to determine the optimal condition for further experiments. Following the coagulant jar test, the wastewater supernatant was collected, and the Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Volatile Solids (VS) parameters were measured using the procedures described in the standard method for wastewater examination.…”

A review on biofiltration techniques: recent advancements in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of polluted water

“…Also, biotrickling was utilized to remove carbon, methane, and other nutrients present in the municipal wastewater treatment plants [ 121 , 122 ]. Biotrickling filter coupled with chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) had shown less operating cost and energy consumption.…”

“…Whereas it is interesting to note that the addition of a biotrickling filter contributes to the significant improvement of the removal of nutrients and carbon from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The result shows that total chemical oxygen demand of 89%, the biochemical oxygen demand of 94%, total suspended solids of 96%, PO 4 3- -P of 78%, NH 4 + -N of 60%, and volatile suspended solids of 96% [ 121 ]. The efficiency of the enhanced result might be due to the microbes-based treatment of the biotrickling filter.…”

Chemical Enhancement for Retrofitting Moving Bed Biofilm and Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Systems into Membrane Bioreactors

“…Since the effects of the attached biofilm and scouring between carriers and membrane on membrane fouling are not univocal, several membrane fouling control strategies were developed for Bf-MBR [20] including aeration [21], scouring effects of carriers [22], addition of adsorbents [23] and chemicals [24]. Coagulation has been used in MBR [25,26], and Bf-MBR [27,28], to improve membrane separation performances. Documented advantages of coagulation as applied in MBR are lower fouling rates, longer operational cycles and higher operating fluxes.…”