Combined hydrologic sampling criteria for rainfall and streamflow

Tarboton, David G.; Bras, Rafael L.; Puente, Carlos E.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(87)90009-6

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The grid is the same as that used for surface runoff. The flow path along the hydraulic potential surface is determined by D-infinity flow method where the flow direction from a grid cell is defined as the steepest triangular facets created from the eight neighbouring grid cells (Tarboton et al, 1987). The flow from the centre grid cell is distributed proportionally to the two cells that define the steepest facet.…”

Section: Surface Runoff and Subglacial Discharge Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of undercutting and sliding on calving: a global approach applied to Kronebreen, Svalbard

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In this paper, we study the effects of basal friction, sub-aqueous undercutting and glacier geometry on the calving process by combining six different models in an offlinecoupled workflow: a continuum-mechanical ice flow model (Elmer/Ice), a climatic mass balance model, a simple subglacial hydrology model, a plume model, an undercutting model and a discrete particle model to investigate fracture dynamics (Helsinki Discrete Element Model, HiDEM). We demonstrate the feasibility of reproducing the observed calving retreat at the front of Kronebreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard, during a melt season by using the output from the first five models as input to HiDEM. Basal sliding and glacier motion are addressed using Elmer/Ice, while calving is modelled by HiDEM. A hydrology model calculates subglacial drainage paths and indicates two main outlets with different discharges. Depending on the discharge, the plume model computes frontal melt rates, which are iteratively projected to the actual front of the glacier at subglacial discharge locations. This produces undercutting of different sizes, as melt is concentrated close to the surface for high discharge and is more diffuse for low discharge. By testing different configurations, we show that undercutting plays a key role in glacier retreat and is necessary to reproduce observed retreat in the vicinity of the discharge locations during the melting season. Calving rates are also influenced by basal friction, through its effects on near-terminus strain rates and ice velocity.

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Section: Surface Runoff and Subglacial Discharge Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of undercutting and sliding on calving: a global approach applied to Kronebreen, Svalbard

et al. 2018

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“…Field hydrologists face several questions about the kind of data needed and the ‘best’ measurement sites for an inexpensive, reasonably accurate and time‐effective sampling campaign aimed at capturing the connectedness in a watershed (Freer et al. 2002; Park and Van De Giesen 2004; Tarboton et al. 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Hydrologic Sampling Strategies for an Accurate Assessment of Hydrologic Connectivity in Humid Temperate Systems

2009

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Hydrologic connectivity is crucial to our understanding of catchment dynamics, yet there is no consensus among hydrologists about what it is exactly, nor is there any unambiguous way of assessing it from field observations. This review is articulated around the questions: (i) what are the main variables to investigate? and (ii) what is the optimal sampling strategy for hydrologic connectivity prediction in humid temperate systems? Because there are multiple definitions for the concept of connectivity, we first identify the major variables to monitor. Then, the ability of several sampling schemes to meet specific criteria is assessed. None of the schemes fully complies with the criteria even if they are combined in a strategic way, and their individual performance is highly dependent on data resolution. While a two‐stage sampling is recommended, it reflects the difficulty in depicting the complex spatial patterns in hydrologic connectivity.

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“…As stated above, the purpose of this study is the opposite, that is to reduce the density of the existing raingauge network to an appropriate degree, which makes the kriging approach inapplicable. The method developed by Tarboton et al (1987) and Bras et al (1988) is promising for the network design as they defined the sampling strategy as the triplet of (a) number of raingauges, (b) rainfall measurement interval and (c) discharge measurement interval, which is very practical in real network design. They used stochastic rainfall generators to create synthetic rainfall series, and a linear model to estimate the runoff from synthesized rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results revealed a more refined spatial distribution of rainfall during important rainfall events, and the variance was reduced with a denser network. Tarboton et al (1987) and Bras et al (1988) investigated the effect of rainfall sampling strategy on the basin response. The index of the effectiveness of the sampling strategies is defined as the variance of the error of estimated streamflows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, observed rainfall and runoff data will be used, because the method will be applied to a real river basin. Second, in the works of Tarboton et al (1987) and Bras et al (1988), the rainfall was sampled randomly without taking into account the geographical influence on the sampling results, which is one of the purposes of this research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appropriate Spatial Sampling of Rainfall or Flow Simulation/Echantillonnage Spatial de la Pluie Appropri� pour la Simulation D'�coulements

Dong

Dohmen-Janssen²,

Booij³

2005

hysj

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The objective of this study is to find the appropriate number and location of raingauges for a river basin for flow simulation by using statistical analyses and hydrological modelling. First, a statistical method is used to identify the appropriate number of raingauges. Herein the effect of the number of raingauges on the crosscorrelation coefficient between areally averaged rainfall and discharge is investigated. Second, a lumped HBV model is used to investigate the effect of the number of raingauges on hydrological modelling performance. The Qingjiang River basin with 26 raingauges in China is used for a case study. The results show that both crosscorrelation coefficient and modelling performance increase hyperbolically, and level off after five raingauges (therefore identified to be the appropriate number of raingauges) for this basin. The geographical locations of raingauges which give the best and worst hydrological modelling performance are identified, which shows that there is a strong dependence on the local geographical and climatic patterns.Key words flow simulation; HBV model; precipitation; raingauge network design; spatial sampling Echantillonnage spatial de la pluie approprié pour la simulation d'écoulements Résumé L'objectif de cette étude est de trouver le nombre et les localisations de pluviomètres au sein d'un basin versant appropriés pour simuler l'écoulement, en s'appuyant sur des analyses statistiques et de la modélisation hydrologique. Tout d'abord, une méthode statistique est utilisée pour déterminer le nombre approprié de pluviomètres. Pour cela, l'effet du nombre de pluviomètres sur le coefficient de corrélation croisée entre la moyenne spatiale des précipitations et le débit est analysé. Puis le modèle global HBV est utilisé pour étudier l'influence du nombre de pluviomètres sur les performances de la modélisation hydrologique. Le bassin de la Rivière Qingjiang, comportant 26 pluviomètres, est utilisé comme cas d'étude. Les résultats montrent que le coefficient de corrélation croisée, ainsi que la performance de la modélisation, augmentent de manière hyperbolique, jusqu'à une valeur asymptotique au-delà de cinq pluviomètres (qui est donc considéré comme étant le nombre approprié de pluviomètres) pour ce bassin. Les localisations géographiques des pluviomètres qui donnent les meilleures et les pires performances de modélisation sont identifiées, ce qui montre qu'il existe une forte dépendance par rapport aux caractéristiques géographiques et climatiques locales.

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Combined hydrologic sampling criteria for rainfall and streamflow

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of undercutting and sliding on calving: a global approach applied to Kronebreen, Svalbard

Effects of undercutting and sliding on calving: a global approach applied to Kronebreen, Svalbard

Revisiting Hydrologic Sampling Strategies for an Accurate Assessment of Hydrologic Connectivity in Humid Temperate Systems

Appropriate Spatial Sampling of Rainfall or Flow Simulation/Echantillonnage Spatial de la Pluie Appropri� pour la Simulation D'�coulements

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