Combined Oral Contraceptives: A Comprehensive Review

Kiley, Jessica; Hammond, Christopher J.

doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e318159c06a

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Most modern OCs contain low doses of both estrogen and progestin and prevent contraception mainly by suppressing ovulation but also by minimizing sperm migration and implantation. 2 In addition to being an effective form of birth control, OC use has been associated with noncontraceptive health outcomes that are both beneficial and detrimental. 2 OC use increases menstrual regulation, shortens menses, minimizes menstrual cramping, and has been used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (POS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In addition to being an effective form of birth control, OC use has been associated with noncontraceptive health outcomes that are both beneficial and detrimental. 2 OC use increases menstrual regulation, shortens menses, minimizes menstrual cramping, and has been used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (POS). 3 However, OC use has also been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as venous thromboembolism, especially among smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oral Contraceptive Use Among Women in the Military and the General U.S. Population

Enewold¹,

Brinton

McGlynn

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To compare oral contraceptive (OC) use during a 12-month period among women aged 18-39 years in the U.S. military and the general U.S. population using data from the Military Health System Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), respectively. Methods: OC use was age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. Census population. Comparisons between the military (n ¼ 83,181) and the general population (unweighted n ¼ 360), as well as between the military branches, were conducted overall and stratified by age, race=ethnicity, and marital status. Results: OC use was higher in the military (34%) than in the general population (29%, p < 0.05). This difference increased with age and was most pronounced among Hispanics (military, 32.2%; general population, 19.8%). Within the military, OC use was highest in the Air Force (39%) and lowest in the Army (30%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that OC use differs between the military and the general population and within the military by service branch. Further studies that assess whether OC use is related to variations in health outcomes between these two populations and within the military are warranted.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Contraceptive Use Among Women in the Military and the General U.S. Population

Enewold¹,

Brinton

McGlynn

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Factors known to impact breast cancer risk in the general population include parity, age at menarche and fi rst birth, duration of breast feeding, mammographic density, exogenous hormone exposures, and dietary factors including alcohol intake [17][18][19][20][21]. Many of these factors may be shared within families, due to shared environment and shared cultural norms.…”

Section: Reproductive and Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance estimates in the clinic

Domchek

2009

Curr Breast Cancer Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 can provide important information to women and help guide clinical management decisions regarding interventions such as oophorectomy to reduce cancer risk. However, variability exists in risks of breast and ovarian cancer in individual BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, with potential contributing factors including genotype-phenotype correlations, modifi er genes, environmental and reproductive exposures, and the impact of interventions. Ultimately, the clinical goal is to provide individualized assessment of breast and ovarian cancer risk to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers accounting for these variables to aid decision-making. This article discusses factors affecting the penetrance of cancer risks in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

show abstract

“…Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), which contain a synthetic estrogen and progestin, are highly effective; pregnancy rates range from 0.1 to 0.3% among perfect users [1]. However, failure rates up to 8% in the first year have been reported, most importantly because of lack of compliance [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%