Combining biocatalysts to achieve new phase change materials. Application to non-edible animal fat

Abstract

The thermal properties of various alkyl threo-9, 10-dihydroxystearates (DHSEs) prepared from non-edible fat were studied. Non-edible animal fat was hydrolyzed in a 93% yield with R. oryzae resting cells. Crude unsaturated fatty acids were recovered from the matter liquor resulting from a crystallization performed to achieve the saturated fatty acids. These unsaturated free fatty acids were epoxidized with 30% H 2 O 2 using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase-B *Manuscript Click here to view linked References (CAL-B) as biocatalyst. The epoxy ring was cleaved with hot water in the presence of tertbutanol (t-BuOH). Pure threo-9, 10-dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) from animal fat was recovered by crystallization (51% yield). Subsequently, DHSA was esterified in -limonene using biocatalysts yielding twelve DHSEs (58-90% yield). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of these esters revealed potential latent heats ranging from 136.83 kJ•kg-1 to 234.22 kJ•kg-1 and melting temperatures from 52.45 ºC to 76.88 ºC. Finally, the compounds with enthalpies above 200 kJ•kg-1 were subjected to 100 and 1000 thermal cycles. These experiments showed that these products present good thermal reliability.

Review—Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications

“…Thermal energy storage.-Phase change materials [63][64][65][66] have been great candidates for storing thermal energy owing to their impressive phase change temperature range, small volume change, non-toxic, inflammable, inexpensive, and easy availability. Phase change materials are used in thermal management systems in batteries, 67,68 solar-thermal energy conversion, 3 and thermal insulators in buildings.…”

Synthesis and Thermophysical Characterization of Fatty Amides for Thermal Energy Storage

“…We also obtained eutectic mixtures of fatty acids and alkyl esters of 9,10-didhydroxyestearic acid. In both cases, we described their thermal energy storage capacity [18,19,20].…”

Assessing the Potentiality of Animal Fat Based-Bio Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Building Applications: An Innovative Multipurpose Thermal Investigation

“…In this context, Gallart-Sirvent et al [19] hydrolyzed and crystallized a composite of non-edible fat waste and investigated their thermal behavior by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In a different contribution, the same authors also applied combined biocatalytic reactions on non-edible animal fats and successfully converted the final mixture into dihydroxystearates (DHSEs) that showed good thermal properties as PCMs [20].…”