Combining derivative and synchronous approaches for simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of terbinafine and itraconazole

Abstract

In this study, determination of terbinafine and itraconazole down to biological concentration level has been carried out. The determination is based on increasing the selectivity of the spectrofluorimetric technique by combining both derivative and synchronous spectrofluorometric approaches, which permits successful estimation of terbinafine at 257 nm and itraconazole at 319 nm in the presence of each other at Δ λ of 60 nm. International Conference on Harmonization validation guidelines were followed to fully validate the method, and linearity was obtained for the two drugs over the range of 0.1–0.7 µg ml −1 for terbinafine and 0.5–4.0 µg ml −1 for itraconazole. Application of the method was successfully carried out in the commercial tablets with good agreement with the comparison spectrofluorometric methods. As the detection limits were down to 0.013 and 0.1 µg ml −1 and quantitation limits were 0.04 and 0.032 µg ml −1 for terbinafine and itraconazole, respectively; the in vitro determination of terbinafine and itraconazole in spiked plasma samples was applicable. The percentage recoveries in biological samples were 97.17 ± 4.54 and 98.75 ± 2.25 for terbinafine and itraconazole, respectively. Water was used as the optimum diluting solvent in the proposed methodology which adds an eco-friendly merit.

Mathematically Processed UV Spectroscopic Method for Quantification of Chlorthalidone and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness and Whiteness

“…Hence, the development of the UV abstraction spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of multicomponent formulations becomes difficult due to the complete overlap of spectra of the analytes (Figure 2(a)). However, resolution between the two spectra is possible by mathematical modification of overlapped spectra, such as different order derivatization, and creation of ratio spectra to quantify specifically one analyte in presence of another [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Hence, in the present work, four mathematically processed simple, eco-friendly UV absorption spectroscopic methods were established for simultaneous determination of CTL and AZE in coformulated medicine.…”

“…e selectivity issue of the UV spectroscopic method can be solved by developing mathematically processed techniques such as derivative and ratio derivative spectroscopic methods, without the use of any additional hazardous chemicals [27,28]. Derivatization increases the resolution of the individual spectrum and allows the quantification of an analyte in the presence of other analytes and formulation excipients without prior separation [29][30][31][32][33][34]. To make more greener analytical method, 12 green analytical principles were adopted during the development of the derivative UV spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of CTL and AZE in bulk and fixed-dose formulation.…”

Simultaneous estimation of troxerutin and calcium dobesilate in presence of the carcinogenic hydroquinone using green spectrofluorimetric method

“…Moreover, there are no described spectrofluorimetric techniques for parallel analysis of DOB in the presence of its highly toxic potential degradation product HQ. Synchronous fluorimetry either alone or combined with derivative spectrofluorimetry was used for the determination and separation of some drugs [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Factorial design-assisted reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine

“…Different analytical methods were reported for the determination of combination of itraconazole and terbinafine as they are used in the treatment of severe fungal infection [ 32 – 34 ]. Also, a combination of fluconazole and itraconazole was determined spectrophotometrically as they are used to treat Candida isolates [ 35 ].…”

“…Various methods have been investigated for the three drugs determination individually including spectrophotometry for FLU [3][4][5][6], for ITR [7][8][9] and for TRH [10][11][12][13], spectrofluorometry for FLU [14], for ITR [15] and for TRH [16] and chromatography methods for FLU [17][18][19][20][21], for ITR [22][23][24][25][26][27] and for TRH [28][29][30][31]. Different analytical methods were reported for the determination of combination of itraconazole and terbinafine as they are used in the treatment of severe fungal infection [32][33][34]. Also, a combination of fluconazole and itraconazole was determined spectrophotometrically as they are used to treat Candida isolates [35].…”