Combining dual isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model to quantify the nitrate sources of precipitation in Ningbo, East China

Shi, Yasheng; Li, Cai; Jin, Zanfang; Zhang, Yongqi; Xiao, Jiazheng; Li, Feili

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146297

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The obvious seasonal variation of nitrate sources in this work was consistent with the results in an aerosol study in Shanghai (Zong et al., 2020) and a precipitation study in Ningbo (Shi et al., 2021). The higher contribution of coal combustion during cold seasons might be related to the coal‐fired heating in rural areas in Hangzhou and surrounding regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Nitrate Aerosols in a Megacity of Eastern China Based On Multiple Isotope Observations

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Atmospheric inorganic nitrate (NO 3 − ) and its precursor NO x (=NO + NO 2 ) play crucial roles in haze formation in China (R.-J. Huang et al., 2014;H. Li et al., 2018). Due to limited development of flue gas denitrification technology compared with desulfurization technology (Gao et al., 2018), excess emissions of NO x have become the most severe pollutant gas in China over the past decade (Zheng et al., 2018). Recently, nitrate has contributed a higher fraction in PM 2.5 in haze events than in previous observations (Fan et al., 2019;Sun et al., 2015). Nitrogen chemistry is also important in atmospheric chemical processes, since it is involved in the formation of oxidants (e.g., ozone [O 3 ] and hydroxyl radicals [OH]), which control the atmosphere's self-cleansing capacity (Lu et al., 2019). Thus, the study of NO x emissions and the nitrate formation mechanism is critical in investigating the formation of haze pollution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Nitrate Aerosols in a Megacity of Eastern China Based On Multiple Isotope Observations

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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“…δ 15 N was measured following the bacterial denitrifier method. , A denitrifying bacterium lacking N 2 O reductase activity ( Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC13985) converted the NO 3 – in the water samples into N 2 O, and δ 15 N was then detected using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Thermo Fisher DELTA plus XP+Precon). Three international nitrate standards (USGS-32, USGS-34, and USGS-35) were employed to calibrate the measured δ 15 N. The mean standard deviations for the replicate analyses of each sample were 0.4‰ for δ 15 N. Further details of the method are available in ref .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the contributions of three potential sources of SRP in the Tuojiang River, namely, industrial and domestic sewage (IDS), phosphate rock and phosphogypsum (PRP), and AS, were estimated using the IsoSource software (IsoSource 1.3, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 15 and the Bayesian isotope mixing model, implemented in an open-source R package SIAR. 23 2.6. Sensitivity Analysis.…”

Section: Stable Isotope Mixing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Multi-isotope Approach and Isotope Mixing Models to Trace and Quantify Phosphorus Sources in the Tuojiang River, Southwest China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Identifying phosphorus (P) sources is critical for solving eutrophication and controlling P in aquatic environments. Phosphate oxygen isotopes (δ 18 O p ) have been used to trace P sources. However, the application of this method has been greatly restricted due to δ 18 O P values from the potential source having wide and overlapping ranges. In this research, P sources were traced by combining δ 18 O p with multiple stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ 15 N), hydrogen (δD), and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ 13 C). Then, a Bayesian-based Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) model and IsoSource model were used to estimate the proportional contributions of the potential sources in the Tuojiang River. δ 18 O p was not in equilibrium with ambient water, and statistically significant differences in the δ 18 O p values were found between the potential sources, indicating that δ 18 O p can be used to trace the P sources. δ 15 N, δD, and δ 13 C could assist δ 18 O p in identifying the main sources of P. The SIAR and IsoSource models suggested that industrial and domestic sewage was the largest contributor, followed by phosphate rock and phosphogypsum and agricultural sewage. The uncertainty of the calculation results of the SIAR model was lower than that of the IsoSource model. These findings provide new insights into tracing P sources using multiple stable isotopes in watersheds.

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“…Transportation exhaust (motor vehicles and ships) tends to overtake coal combustion as the most vital source of NOx emissions in anthropogenic activities (Zhang et al, 2020;Shi et al, 2021), contributing 48% of total emissions at a global scale in 2014 (Huang et al, 2017). Air pollution from navigation has become a growing concern in maritime regions with increasing demand for global and 40 regional trade activities (Johansson et al, 2017;Nunes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Measurements of the Nitrogen Stable Isotope Composition (δ¹⁵N) of Ship-emitted NO_x

Sun

Zong

Tan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a powerful indicator for source apportionment of atmospheric NOx; however, δ15N–NOx values emitted from ships have not been reported, affecting the accuracy of source partitioning of atmospheric NOx in coastal zones with a lot of ocean vessel activity. This study systemically analyzed the δ15N–NOx variability and main influencing factors of ship emissions. Results showed that δ15N–NOx values from ships ranged from −35.8 ‰ to 2.04 ‰ with a mean ± standard deviation of −18.5 ± 10.9 ‰. The δ15N–NOx values increased monotonically with the ongoing tightening of emission regulations, presenting a significantly negative logarithmic relationship with NOx concentrations (p < 0.01). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system was the most important factor affecting changes in δ15N–NOx values, compared with fuel types and operation states of ships. Based on the relationship between δ15N–NOx values and emission regulations observed in this investigation, the temporal variation in δ15N–NOx values from ship emissions in the international merchant fleet was evaluated by developing a mass-weighted model. These simulated δ15N–NOx values can be used to select suitable δ15N–NOx values for a more accurate assessment of the contribution of ship-emitted exhaust to atmospheric NOx.

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Combining dual isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model to quantify the nitrate sources of precipitation in Ningbo, East China

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Nitrate Aerosols in a Megacity of Eastern China Based On Multiple Isotope Observations

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Nitrate Aerosols in a Megacity of Eastern China Based On Multiple Isotope Observations

Using a Multi-isotope Approach and Isotope Mixing Models to Trace and Quantify Phosphorus Sources in the Tuojiang River, Southwest China

First Measurements of the Nitrogen Stable Isotope Composition (δ¹⁵N) of Ship-emitted NO_x

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Combining dual isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model to quantify the nitrate sources of precipitation in Ningbo, East China

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Nitrate Aerosols in a Megacity of Eastern China Based On Multiple Isotope Observations

Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Nitrate Aerosols in a Megacity of Eastern China Based On Multiple Isotope Observations

Using a Multi-isotope Approach and Isotope Mixing Models to Trace and Quantify Phosphorus Sources in the Tuojiang River, Southwest China

First Measurements of the Nitrogen Stable Isotope Composition (δ15N) of Ship-emitted NOx

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First Measurements of the Nitrogen Stable Isotope Composition (δ¹⁵N) of Ship-emitted NO_x