Combining Field, Laboratory, and Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling Approaches to Improve Our Understanding of Fish Habitat Restoration Schemes

Biron, Pascale M.; Carré, D. M.; Carver, R. B.; Rodrigue‐Gervais, Karen; Whiteway, Sarah L.

doi:10.1029/2010gm000961

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…Following trout population losses triggered primarily by land use changes, rehabilitation structures were installed gradually from 1993 to 1999 in a 14‐km reach in the Appalachian headwater section of the watershed (Figure 2b). In total 17 deflector structures were installed: 2 pairs of wooden deflectors (which failed after a few years), 7 pairs of boulder deflectors, 7 single boulder deflectors and 1 triple boulder deflector (Biron et al ., in press). Since one of the objectives of this rehabilitation project was to attract anglers to this site, fish stocking (brook, brown and rainbow trout) is performed weekly between May and September each year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bedload sediment transport was investigated using PIT tagged particles (Lamarre et al ., 2005; Carré et al ., 2007; Biron et al ., in press). Rocks were also painted to facilitate the search for particles following flood events.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This showed reasonable agreement (coefficient of correlation of 0.67 for velocity magnitude) considering that LSPIV results are not error free (Carré et al ., 2006). Unfortunately, attempts to use LSPIV at high flow have so far been unsuccessful due to surface flares and standing waves (Biron et al ., in press). It has thus not been possible to validate the model at high flow when deflectors are submerged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pool in the studied reach, like the other excavated pools in the Nicolet rehabilitation project, is located in the centre of the channel downstream from the deflector structures. However, previous mobile bed laboratory experiments indicate that scouring near deflector‐like structures occurs near the structures rather than in the centre of the channel (Kuhnle et al ., 1999; Biron et al ., 2004c, in press; Rodrigue‐Gervais et al ., in press). This is illustrated in Figure 4 for a scaled‐down replica of the Nicolet deflectors in a laboratory flume (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In gravel‐bed rivers, where most fish restoration projects are implemented, the ratio of water depth to grain size is lower than in sand‐bed rivers, resulting in more complex fluid mechanics and sediment transport regimes (Pasternack et al ., 2006). One‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) models are still much more widely used by resource managers than three‐dimensional (3D) models (Brown and Pasternack, 2008; Shen and Diplas, 2008), which also have their share of uncertainty (Biron et al ., in press). However, 1D or 2D models cannot reproduce the vertical velocity gradients in lateral or downstream directions (Pasternack et al ., 2006, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment Transport and Flow Dynamics Around a Restored Pool in a Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Project: Field and 3d Numerical Modelling Experiments

Biron

Carver

Carré

2011

River Research & Apps

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Few studies have examined sediment transport patterns around in-stream structures used to enhance fish habitat despite the importance of this variable in the successful design of stream restoration schemes. The objective of this study is to examine interactions between the (excavated) pool morphology, flow and sediment transport in a restored reach of the Nicolet River (Quebec, Canada). Bedload transport was investigated using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged particles that were followed from positions upstream of a pair of current deflectors which were designed to maintain the excavated pool downstream. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow field at various flow stages (with emerged or submerged deflectors) were used to relate near-bed velocity and bed shear stress to transport patterns and to assess the impact of varying the pool location and geometry on the flow field and water surface profiles. Results show that from 2005 to 2008, of the 117 pit-tagged particles that fell in the pool, only 27 are known to have exited. None of the 30 largest rocks entering the pool escaped. Bed shear stress values simulated at high and peak flow (slightly above bankfull level) are not sufficient to move the largest rocks in the pool exit zone. Simulations also reveal a complex water surface topography when flow is above the height of deflectors, with negative water surface slope in the pool zone. When modifying the pool geometry so that the deepest zones are close to the apex of the in-stream structures instead of in the centre of the channel, both water surface slope and near-bed velocity patterns are greatly modified. Understanding the interactions between excavated pools, bedload and 3D velocity patterns around in-stream structures is essential for long-term success of fish habitat restoration projects, and using 3D models to test various designs of artificial pools is a promising approach. Figure 2. (a) Location map of the Nicolet watershed; (b) field site location within the Nicolet watershed (black triangle); the grey zone represents the Appalachian part of the watershed, whereas the white area is located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands; (c) photograph showing the upstream and downstream paired deflectors at the field site; (d) bed topography showing the downstream excavated pool and the upstream pressure transducer (indicated by a black star).This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rra

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%