Combining Multifunctional Delivery System with Blood–Brain Barrier Reversible Opening Strategy for the Enhanced Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by intracellular tau‐phosphorylation, β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques accumulation, neuroinflammation, and impaired behavioral ability. Owing to the lack of effective brain delivery approaches and the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), current AD therapeutic endeavors are severely limited. Herein, a multifunctional delivery system (RVG‐DDQ/PDP@siBACE1) is elaborately combined with a protein kinase B (AKT) agonist (SC79) for facilitating RVG‐DDQ/PDP@siBACE1 to target and penetrate BBB, enter brain parenchyma, and further accumulate in AD brain lesion. Moreover, compared with the unitary dose of RVG‐DDQ/PDP@siBACE1, this collaborative therapy strategy exhibits a distinctive synergistic function including scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreasing of Aβ production, alleviating neuroinflammation by promoting the polarized microglia into the anti‐inflammatory M2‐like phenotype and significantly enhancing the cognitive functions of AD mice. More strikingly, according to these results, an innovative signaling pathway “lncRNA MALAT1/miR‐181c/BCL2L11” is found that can mediate the neuronal apoptosis of AD. Taken together, combining the brain targeted delivery system with noninvasive BBB opening can provide a promising strategy and platform for targeting treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Transthyretin-Penetratin: A Potent Fusion Protein Inhibitor against Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β Fibrillogenesis with High Blood Brain Barrier Crossing Capability

“…Cell monolayer integrity was evaluated by measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) values using a Millicell-ERS voltohmmeter (Millipore, USA). The cell monolayers with TEER values greater than 200 Ω cm 2 were used as the BBB model for the BBB penetration studies. ,− Then, TTR, TP, TTR-Cy5, or TP-Cy5 (50 μL, 25 μM) were added into the upper chamber with a concentration of 50 μM and the FBS-free medium was added to the lower chamber. After incubation for 3 and 6 h, the culture medium in the bottom chamber was collected as the samples, and the amounts of proteins in the different samples were measured using a plate reader by recording the fluorescence intensity of Cy5.…”