Combining opportunistic routing and network coding: A multi rate approach

Abstract

The inherent characteristics of the wireless channel, such as broadcast communication and high variability in channel quality, make it difficult to achieve high throughput in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). However, some innovative techniques like wireless inter-flow network coding and opportunistic routing leverage the broadcast nature of the wireless channel to improve the throughput. In addition, in order to cope with channel quality variation, the transmission rate can be adjusted using a rate adaptation algorithm. In this paper, we study how these fundamental techniques collaborate and how they can be combined into an integrated solution. We suggest Multi Rate Opportunistic Routing-aware Network Coding (MRORNC) as an integrated cross-layer approach that jointly determines the coded packet, potential next hops, and transmission rate using a novel metric. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested approach can achieve higher throughput compared to the rateoblivious opportunistic routing-aware network coding solutions.

Opportunistic routing metrics: A timely one-stop tutorial survey

“…Herein, U E tot is a utility function that adds up the energy consumed by node i and members of F i for packet transmission and reception. • Forwarding Efficiency (FE) [165]: FE is a multi-flow metric. Here, we present FE for a single flow:…”

“…An interesting potential research topic is to investigate how the introduction of coding-aware metrics, as opposed to already studied joint coding-OR techniques using non-coding aware metrics [23], affects the OR's total performance. Thus far, the only related work is the FE metric [165]. -Link Correlation: Link correlation, defined as the channel similarities between multiple receivers and one single data source, has been addressed in several works [250] [251].…”

“…Multi-flow metrics exist in two forms: metrics with different values for each flow [133] and metrics with a single value that considers the combined effects of all flows crossing a single common node. In the latter case, inter-flow NC is usually also present [165]. WMNs are potential candidates for employing multiple flow metrics in their OR mechanisms.…”

HCOR: a high-throughput coding-aware opportunistic routing for inter-flow network coding in wireless mesh networks

“…Most of the above coding-aware routing schemes are focused on the deterministic routing protocols. Recently, network coding-aware opportunistic routing schemes were proposed to achieve more throughput in wireless networks [5,8,[29][30][31]. Authors of CORE [5] proposed an NCOR method by combining hop-by-hop opportunistic forwarding and localized inter-flow network coding.…”

“…Authors of [8] proposed a practical NCOR scheme for wireless mesh networks. Authors of [31] gave a multi-rate approach to realize NCOR in wireless mesh networks. Authors of [29] proposed a reliable multicast protocol based on NCOR to achieve high throughput and fairness in lossy wireless networks.…”