Combining voltage-sensitive dye, carbon fiber array, and extracellular nerve electrodes using a 3-D printed recording chamber and manipulators

Intracellular neural control of an active feeding structure in Aplysia using a carbon fiber electrode array

“…They have been used in vivo to measure neural transmitter signaling ( Huffman and Venton, 2009 ; Taylor et al, 2017b ; Xia et al, 2023 ) or to monitor chronic extracellular neural activity in freely behaving rats ( Patel et al, 2016 ; Guitchounts and Cox, 2020 ; Welle et al, 2020 ). Intracellular recordings have also been obtained from the Aplysia nervous system ( Huan et al, 2021 ; Neveu et al, 2023 ), and intracellular-like recordings were reported from freely behaving songbird ( Guitchounts et al, 2013 ). The flexibility of carbon fiber electrodes suggests that they could be used to obtain intracellular recordings in freely behaving subjects.…”