Comment on “Recent Advance in Source, Property, Differentiation, and Applications of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipose-Derived Stem Cells”

Stocco, Elena; Porzionato, Andrea; De, Raffaele; Macchi, Verónica

doi:10.1155/2021/9824616

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Description of the healthy SFP histotopography has been the objective of this work. While a more profound consciousness exists on the IFP role in OA disease (Belluzzi et al., 2019, 2020; Emmi et al., 2022; Favero et al., 2017; Fontanella et al., 2019, 2022; Macchi et al., 2019; Stocco et al., 2019; Stocco, Porzionato, et al., 2021; Zeng et al., 2020), scant data are available on the SFP; currently, most studies are based on MRI evidences only (Cosentino et al., 2022; Fontanella et al., 2022; Schwaiger et al., 2018) and contradictory results are also reported. For instance, Tsavalas and Karantanas (2013) conducted a large MRI study on 843 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SFP and IFP samples were preliminarily evaluated through histopathology to assess whether they were adequate for the subsequent analyses, excluding inflammation‐related evidences. To this purpose, the presence of lymphocytic infiltration, vessels, and nerve endings was investigated through microscopy and immunohistochemical approaches (Emmi et al., 2022; Favero et al., 2017; Macchi et al., 2016, 2019; Stocco, Porzionato, et al., 2021). Briefly, 5 μm full‐thickness sections obtained from the paraffin‐embedded samples underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, a custom developed multiphoton microscope (Filippi et al., 2018) was used and an incident wavelength of 800 nm (~40 mW average laser power, under the microscope objective) was selected to detect the collagen's SHG signal at 400 nm. Hence, as previously described (Stocco, Porzionato, et al., 2021), the images were acquired at a fixed magnification by an Olympus 25× water immersion objective with 1.05 numerical aperture (1024 × 1024 pixels), averaged over 100 consecutive frames, with a pixel dwell time of 0.14 μs and a pixel width of 0.8 μm. To assess the local dominant orientation of the collagen fibers, coherency (C) was determined; to do that, it used the ImageJ plugin OrientationJ (Schindelin et al., 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Septa and adipocytes morphometric analysis was performed in accordance with a previously described method (Macchi et al, 2016(Macchi et al, , 2019Stocco, Porzionato, et al, 2021). Briefly, septa and adipocyte's boundary were manually identified on H&E-stained sections (1.25× and 10× images were used, respectively); hence, conversion to 8-bit binary images was performed and the parameters of interest including interlobular septa thickness, adipocytes' lobuli dimension, adipocytes area, major/minor axes, and eccentricity were measured.…”

Section: Morphometric Study: Septa and Adipocytes Comparative Descrip...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…adipocytes, extracellular matrix, infrapatellar fat pad, knee, microscopic anatomy, morphometry, suprapatellar fat pad nerve endings was investigated through microscopy and immunohistochemical approaches (Emmi et al, 2022;Favero et al, 2017;Macchi et al, 2016Macchi et al, , 2019Stocco, Porzionato, et al, 2021). Briefly, 5 μm full-thickness sections obtained from the paraffin-embedded samples underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The suprapatellar fat pad: A histotopographic comparative study

Stocco,

Contran,

Fontanella

et al. 2023

Journal of Anatomy

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The suprapatellar fat pad is an adipose tissue located in the anterior knee whose role in osteoarthritis is still debated. Considering that anatomy drives function, the aim of this histotopographic study was to investigate the specific morphological features of the suprapatellar fat pad versus the infrapatellar fat pad in the absence of osteoarthritis, for a broad comparative analysis. Suprapatellar fat pad and infrapatellar fat pad tissue samples (n = 10/group) underwent microscopical/immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis; thus, tissue‐specific characteristics (i.e., vessels and nerve endings presence, lobuli, adipocytes features, septa), including extracellular matrix proteins prevalence (collagens, elastic fibers), were focused. Multiphoton microscopy was also adopted to evaluate collagen fiber orientation within the samples by Fast Fourier Transform (coherency calculation). The absence of inflammation was confirmed, and comparable counted vessels and nerve endings were shown. Like the infrapatellar fat pad, the suprapatellar fat pad appeared as a white adipose tissue with lobuli and septa of comparable diameter and thickness, respectively. Tissue main characteristics were also proved by both semithin sections and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The suprapatellar fat pad adipocytes were roundish and with a smaller area, perimeter, and major axis than that of the infrapatellar fat pad. The collagen fibers surrounding them showed no significant difference in collagen type I and significantly higher values for collagen type III in the infrapatellar fat pad group. Regarding the septa, elastic fiber content was statistically comparable between the two groups, even though more represented by the suprapatellar fat pad. Total collagen was significantly higher in the infrapatellar fat pad and comparing collagen type I and type III they were similarly represented in the whole cohort despite collagen type I appearing to be higher in the infrapatellar fat pad than in the suprapatellar fat pad and vice versa for collagen type III. Second harmonic generation microscopy confirmed through coherency calculation an anisotropic distribution of septa collagen fibers. From a mechanical point of view, the different morphological characteristics determined a major stiffness for the infrapatellar fat pad with respect to the suprapatellar fat pad. This study provides, for the first time, a topographic description of the suprapatellar fat pad compared to the infrapatellar fat pad; differences between the two groups may be attributed to a different anatomical location within the knee; the results gathered here may be useful for a more complete interpretation of osteoarthritis disease, involving not only cartilage but the whole joint.

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