Comments about the paper entitled “Lessons to be learned from an analysis of ammonium nitrate disasters in the last 100 years” by Pittman et al. (J. Hazard. Mater. 280 (2014) 472–477)

Marlair, Guy; Michot, Christian; Turcotte, Richard; Singh, Shivani

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.040

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Disease suppression is generally thought to be related to a global increase in soil microbial biomass (Janvier et al, 2007 ). In the present study, the watermelon/wheat companion system increased the total contents of MBN and MBP (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sturz and Christie ( 2003 ) confirmed that the optimum microbial community can promote soil defense capability. In successively mono-cropped soil, specific microbial communities were formed due to the accumulation of specific exudates (Brussaard et al, 2007 ; Janvier et al, 2007 ), which could promote the increase of soil-borne pathogens. In this study, we found that the composition of microbial communities was changed (Figures 3 , 5 , 6 ), which suggests that Fusarium wilt may be suppressed in this system and is in concordance with previous studies (Larkin et al, 1993a , b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon

Wang

2015

Front. Microbiol.

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The growth of watermelon is often threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) in successively monocultured soil, which results in economic loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon and to explore the relationship between the effect and the incidence of wilt caused by Fon. The results showed that the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertase were increased, the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were significantly increased, and the ratio of MBC/MBN was decreased (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that the Fon population declined significantly in the watermelon/wheat companion system compared with the monoculture system (P < 0.05). The analysis of microbial communities showed that the relative abundance of microbial communities was changed in the rhizosphere of watermelon. Compared with the monoculture system, the relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Sordariomycetes were increased, and the relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Cytophagia, Pezizomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were decreased in the rhizosphere of watermelon in the watermelon/wheat companion system; importantly, the incidence of Fusarium wilt was also decreased in the watermelon/wheat companion system. In conclusion, this study indicated that D123 wheat as a companion crop increased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass, decreased the Fon population, and changed the relative abundance of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon, which may be related to the reduction of Fusarium wilt in the watermelon/wheat companion system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon

Wang

2015

Front. Microbiol.

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“…A time interval of this SD propagation was first recorded as short as 4 min. Marlair et al [61] summarized about nine AN fire scenarios that led to the subsequent explosions. In 2014 at Charleville, a transport accident of truck rollover was followed by an "explosions-following-a-fire-scenario" [61].…”

Section: Incidents Of Sympathetic Detonationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Duh

Yang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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On 12 August 2015, Tianjin port, Tianjin City, China, a catastrophic explosion of Ruihai International Logistics Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China) killed 173 and hurt almost 798 people, accompanying a financial loss of almost USD 2 billion. The ignition of the first fire due to the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose was verified by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) isothermal tests. A crater with a diameter of 97 m was created by the second explosion. For the second catastrophic explosion, an amount of 577 tons of trinitrotoluene was determined by the average through scaling law, crater inverse analysis and blast effects on structures. The overpressure against distance for consequence analysis was conducted using Baker’s, Sadovski’s and Alonso’s methodologies. A distinctive scenario of “two-successive-sympathetic detonations-following-a-fire” was proposed and discussed. Isothermal time-to-maximum-rate was validated to be approximately 9 days for the nitrocellulose inside the containers with an internal temperature of 60 °C stored at Tianjin port. A fatality radius chosen at the overpressure of 0.6 bar was ascertained to be nearly 410 m from the explosion origin.

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“…Nevertheless, AN can undergo fast decomposition 6−9 in certain situations (e.g., under confinement or in the presence of contaminants), leading to major accidents during production and storage. 10,11 Because AN-based fertilizers always contain additives for a variety of reasons (e.g., efficient granulation or prilling, anticaking effect, slow release of nutriment at end-use, etc...), it is important to fully understand their influence on the thermal stability of the resulting mixtures. Starting from calorimetric tests, 12−16 previous works 17−19 identified different behaviors of additives on the thermal stability of AN formulations, leading to three different classes: promoters, inert substances, and inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The safety knowledge about AN is essentially based on the feedback coming from past accidents and experimental studies, the latter being mainly calorimetric and kinetic studies. − AN is described as presenting good chemical stability when it is correctly manufactured, uncontaminated, and stored under adequate conditions. Nevertheless, AN can undergo fast decomposition − in certain situations (e.g., under confinement or in the presence of contaminants), leading to major accidents during production and storage. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Mechanistic Understanding of the Additives’ Role on Ammonium Nitrate Decomposition: Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Sulfate as Case Studies

et al. 2020

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The reaction mechanism involved in the decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 , commonly used for stabilization and the reduction of explosivity properties of AN, was theoretically investigated using a computational approach based on density functional theory. The presented computational results suggest that both carbonate and sulfate anions can intercept an acid proton from nitric acid issued from the first step of decomposition of AN, thus inhibiting its runaway decomposition and the generation of reactive species (radicals). The reaction then leads to the production of stable products, as experimentally observed. Our modeling outcomes allow for tracing a relationship between the capability of proton acceptance of both carbonate and sulfate anions and the macroscopic behavior of these two additives as inhibitor or inert in the AN mixture.

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Comments about the paper entitled “Lessons to be learned from an analysis of ammonium nitrate disasters in the last 100 years” by Pittman et al. (J. Hazard. Mater. 280 (2014) 472–477)

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

The effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon

The effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon

Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Toward the Mechanistic Understanding of the Additives’ Role on Ammonium Nitrate Decomposition: Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Sulfate as Case Studies

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