Comments on the paper by D. G. Rea and B. T. O'Leary, ‘On the composition of the Venus clouds’

Abstract

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The Surface of 2003 EL61in the Near‐Infrared

“…We produced a simple reflectance spectrum using a Hapke model and published optical constants for crystalline water ice, similar to that used by Trujillo et al (2005). The feature at 1.65 µm, which is obvious in our data, is found in crystalline water ice but not amorphous water ice nor crystalline water ice at high temperatures (Hansen & McCord 2004). Thus, we begin our modelling of the reflectance from 2003 EL 61 with crystalline water ice only.…”

The initiation mass for DNA replication in Escherichia coli K-12 is dependent on growth rate.

“…This fact does not, however, exclude the possibility of a specific protein playing this crucial role in the control of initiation. Two different models have been proposed for how accumulation of DnaA protein might trigger initiation of replication (Mahaffy and Zyskind, 1989;Hansen et al, 1991). These models are flexible and can account for the experimental observations on the control and regulation of DNA replication.…”

The initiation cascade for chromosome replication in wild-type and Dam methyltransferase deficient Escherichia coli cells.

“…Many of the properties that were observed in the dam+ and dam mutant cells can be explained by the initiator titration model (Hansen et al, 1991). In this model accumulation of a critical amount of DnaA protein leads to an initiation event dam+ damF ig.…”

“…The results demonstrate that although dam mutants do not exhibit the synchronous initiation typical of dam+ cells, the pattern of replication is not entirely random. These results are discussed with respect to the initiator titration model (Hansen et al, 1991), and to how initiation is influenced by a 'cascade' of DnaA protein released after initiation.…”