Commitment of Oral-Derived Stem Cells in Dental and Maxillofacial Applications

Abstract

Tissue engineering is based on the interaction between stem cells, biomaterials and factors delivered in biological niches. Oral tissues have been found to be rich in stem cells from different sources: Stem cells from oral cavity are easily harvestable and have shown a great plasticity towards the main lineages, specifically towards bone tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the most investigated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental tissues, however, the oral cavity hosts several other stem cell lineages that have also been reported to be a good alternative in bone tissue engineering. In particular, the newly discovered population of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human periapical inflamed cysts (hPCy-MSCs) have showed very promising properties, including high plasticity toward bone, vascular and neural phenotypes. In this topical review, the authors described the main oral-derived stem cell populations, their most interesting characteristics and their ability towards osteogenic lineage. This review has also investigated the main clinical procedures, reported in the recent literature, involving oral derived-MSCs and biomaterials to get better bone regeneration in dental procedures. The numerous populations of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from oral tissues (DPSCs, SHEDs, PDLSCs, DFSCs, SCAPs, hPCy-MSCs) retain proliferation ability and multipotency; these features are exploited for clinical purposes, including regeneration of injured tissues and local immunomodulation; we reported on the last studies on the proper use of such MSCs within a biological niche and the proper way to storage them for future clinical use.

Viability and Stimulation of Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (hSCAPs) Induced by Silicate-Based Materials for Their Potential Use in Regenerative Endodontics: A Systematic Review

“…SCAPs were categorized as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after a positive expression of STRO-1, CD146, CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers. [4][5][6]. It has been suggested that MSCs may be present virtually in any vascularized tissue [7], so the expression of the aforementioned markers, indicative of MSC nature, reflect the perivascular location and multilineage differentiation potential of SCAPs [8].…”

In Vitro Effect of Putty Calcium Silicate Materials on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

“…To achieve the treatment, the material is placed in the root-end cavity sealing the entire area [3][4][5]. This area is where the stem cells from the periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) are located and are in direct contact with the retrograde root filling material [6,7]. The interaction between the PDLSCs and the material should improve the regeneration of the area; several studies have proven that it favors the healing of the cementum, alveolar bone, gingiva, and periodontal ligament [8,9].…”

Activation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes New Bone Formation Within Dentigerous Cyst

“…Fortunately, stem cell-based bone tissue engineering offers a promising strategy for alveolar bone regeneration (27). Oral tissues that are rich in stem cells have been thought as important sources in regenerative medicine (28). The capsules of DC initially originate from the odontogenic epithelium in the embryonic period, which means it is likely that naive cells hide in them.…”