Common Antigens in Snake Venoms

Minton, Sherman A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66913-2_21

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…La mayoría de estas bandas de reacción corresponden a proteínas de alto y mediano peso molecular y con una elevada inmunorreactividad. Tales reacciones cruzadas entre los venenos de vipéridos han sido descritas antes para el caso de un antiveneno anti-C. atrox y los venenos de C. adamenteus, C. h. horridus y C. v. viridis de norteamerica (Minton 1979). En nuestro estudio, se obtuvieron resultados mediante ELISA, pero con esta técnica no se pudieron determinar los componentes específicos que contribuyen a la reactividad cruzada.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

et al. 2011

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The immunogenicity of Bothrops atrox, “jergón”, venom was studied using ELISA and Western Blot methods, as well as cross-reactivity patterns against venoms of Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta and Crotalus durissus. For this purpose, New Zealand white rabbits (2 kg aprox) were immunized with four 500 μg doses of B. atrox venom in a period of 90 days. Antibody production was followed using ELISA technique, and title of hiper-immune serum was determined at the end of immunization protocol. Additionally, electrophoretic patterns of venoms were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and venom reactivity against obtained serum by ELISA and Western Blot. Immunization schedule allowed a pronounced antibody production since day 20 of protocol. At the end of process, serum title was 256000, which demonstrated both efficacy and usefulness of the developed procedure. On the other hand, studied venoms showed a heterogenic protein composition according to their electrophoretic patterns, whereas cross-reactivity values of 23,7%, 4,0% and 1,8% were obtained between B. atrox venom and B. brazili, L. muta and C. durissus venoms, respectively, using immunoenzymatic methods. According to our results, this procedure constitutes an initial step for further assays directed to optimization in immunoserum production for envenoming treatment and development of kits for diagnosis and species identification of snakes.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

et al. 2011

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“…They concluded that the pAV is safe, and serious side effects are uncommon. On the contrary, Moran et al found the incidence of adverse reactions of a pAV prepared in South Africa to be high (Minton, 1979). They observed that 76% of the patients showed early severe reaction (anaphylactoid reactions).…”

Section: Adverse Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Merit and Demerit of Polyvalent Snake Antivenoms

Ratanabanangkoon

2003

Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews

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Polyvalent antivenoms contain specific antibodies capable of neutralizing a number of homologous venoms from different species/genera. They can save lives of victims of snake envenomations, even when the culprit snake has not been identified (the usual case, about 80% of the time), and a monovalent antivenom can not be chosen. They are useful in areas where there are too many poisonous species to produce monovalent antivenoms against all of them. It is now possible to prepare polyvalent antivenoms with high potencies comparable to those of the corresponding monovalent antivenoms. With good manufacturing processes, these antivenoms have been shown to cause few and minor adverse reactions. In addition, polyvalent antivenoms exhibit a wider range of paraspecific neutralization of venoms from different species/genera, even from distant geographic areas. Lastly, it is less expensive and easier to produce and handle a few polyvalent antivenoms than batteries of monovalent antivenoms.

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“…Thus, the biochemistry and the pharmacology of components isolated from coral snake venoms are not well documented. After the first attempts to purify venom proteins (Ramsey et al, 1971), only two phospholi- et al, 1979;Arroyo et al, 1987). More recently, a comparative chromatography study on Brazilian coral snake venoms has been conducted (Da Silva et al, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a comparative chromatography study on Brazilian coral snake venoms has been conducted (Da Silva et al, 1991). From an immunological point of view, Micrurus and other elapid venoms contain some crossreacting components (Minton, 1979;Alape-Girbn et al, 1994). Cross-neutralization among some Micrurus venoms has been described (Bolaiios et al, 1975(Bolaiios et al, , 1978Bolafios and Cerdas, 1980), although the venom of Micrurus multifasciatus and Micrurus surinamensis seem to be unique in their antigenic characteristics (Bolaiios et al, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Rosso

Vargas-Rosso

Gutiérrez

et al. 1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

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New World elapids are coral snakes that belong to the genus Micrurus, and for which the venom biochemistry is mostly unknown. Analysis has been difficult because the coral snakes produce small quantities of venom. Clinical observations following bites show mainly neurotoxic effects. Experimentally, cardiotoxic, haemolytic and myotoxic activities are also reported. An experimental approach, using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and specific assays for a-neurotoxin and phospholipase A, activities, was conducted on milligram quantities of venoms from three Micrurus species from Costa Rica; M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus, M. alleni yatesi and M. multifasciatus. Neurotoxicity was determined by competition binding experiments with the Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor. Phospholipase A, activity was measured by fluorimetry using a pyrene lipid substrate. In this way, we purified and characterized seven a-neurotoxins, five phospholipases A, and four toxin homologs. The amino acid sequence of the major a-neurotoxin from M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus venom was fully determined and compared to Old Word representatives. Distance matrix data were generated to set up phylogeny relationships among elapid short-chain a-neurotoxins, which proved to be in accordance with the taxonomic classification and geographical distribution of snake species.Keywords: Micrurus; a-neurotoxin; phospholipase A, ; venom.The elapid representatives of the New World are coral snakes. They comprise a group of about 120 species and subspecies (genera Micrurus, Leptomicrurus and Micruroides) distributed from Southern United States to Argentina (Mc Dowell, 1987 ;Campbell and Lamar, 1989). Clinical observations following bites show mainly neurotoxic effects, and in severe cases of envenomation, death due to respiratory arrest (Weis and Mc Isaac, 1971;Ramsey et al., 1972;Vital Brazil et al., 1976Moussatche and Melendez, 1979). Experimental studies suggest an extended spectrum of activities in Micrurus venoms. Neurophysiological changes similar to those induced by a-neurotoxins have been observed, as well as presynaptic effects (Parmentier and Carpenter, 1976;Vital Brazil and Fontana, 1983, 1984;Goularte et al., 1995). Cardiotoxic, haemolytic and myotoxic activities have been reported also (GutiCrrez et al., 1980(GutiCrrez et al., , 1983(GutiCrrez et al., ,1986(GutiCrrez et al., ,1992Tan and Ponnudurai, 1992). The major obstacle to study Micrurus venoms is the small quantity of material that can be collected (BolanBs, 1972). Thus, the biochemistry and the pharmacology of components isolated from coral snake venoms are not well documented. After the first attempts to purify venom proteins (Ramsey et al., 1971), only two phospholi- et al., 1979;Arroyo et al., 1987). More recently, a comparative chromatography study on Brazilian coral snake venoms has been conducted (Da Silva et al., 1991). From an immunological point of view, Micrurus and other elapid venoms contain some crossreacting components (Minton, 1979;Alape-Girbn et al., 1...

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Common Antigens in Snake Venoms

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

Merit and Demerit of Polyvalent Snake Antivenoms

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

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Common Antigens in Snake Venoms

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

Merit and Demerit of Polyvalent Snake Antivenoms

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A2 Activities from Micrurus Venoms

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Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms