Common cold among pre-school children in China - associations with ambient PM 10 and dampness, mould, cats, dogs, rats and cockroaches in the home environment

Norbäck, Dan; Lu, Chan; Zhang, Yinping; Li, Baizhan; Zhao, Zhuohui; Huang, Chen; Zhang, Xin; Qian, Hua; Sundell, Jan; Deng, Qihong

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.015

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Results from primary analysis indicated that in last 12 months, the incidence of children's common cold is 56.4% for <3 times, 35.1% for 3e5 times, 7.3% for 6e10 times and 1.2% for >10 times. Because the incidence of colds above 6 times was relevant low, in this research, the cold times were classified to <3 times and !…”

Section: Prevalence Of Common Colds Among Children Status Of Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are already abundant research on respiratory diseases, especially common cold. Most of them were in medically, including the mechanism of influenza virus propagation [29,30], the prevalence of cough [31] or common cold, the vaccines for common cold [32], the duration of common cold [33] and also the impact factors [34,35]. However, few studies focused on the effects of dampness exposures on children's common cold, meanwhile considering the modified impact from ventilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Home dampness-related exposures increase the risk of common colds among preschool children in Shanghai, China: Modified by household ventilation

Sun

Huang

Zou

et al. 2017

Building and Environment

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a b s t r a c tFew studies have estimated the effects of dampness-related exposures and its interaction effects with poor household ventilation on common colds of preschool children. During April 2011eApril 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on home environment and childhood health and collected 13,335 parents-reported questionnaires of 4e6 year-old children in Shanghai, China. In this paper, we investigated associations between the incidence and duration of common colds among these children during the past 12 months before the survey and frequency of opening windows, as well as household dampness-related exposures (indicated by six dampness indicators). Significantly higher incidence (!3 times) and longer duration (!2 weeks) of common cold were found among children with than without these dampness exposures (p-value <0.01 for mold spots and p-value <0.001 for all other indicators). The number of dampness-related indicators had a positive and strong dose-response relationship with common colds (p-trend <0.01). Low frequency of ventilation was also a risk factor for children common colds. After adjusted for the potential confounders in the multiple logistic regression analyses, all dampness-related indicators were significantly associated with the increased odds of common colds and the highest odds ratios was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.16e1.27). We also found that dampness-related exposures and household ventilation habits (p-value for interaction <0.001) had a strong interaction effect on the incidence and duration of common cold. The stratified analysis of ventilation condition displays that the influence of dampness-related exposures has been modified by ventilation. Therefore, good household ventilation habits may have an effect of modification for dampness-related exposures.

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Section: Prevalence Of Common Colds Among Children Status Of Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home dampness-related exposures increase the risk of common colds among preschool children in Shanghai, China: Modified by household ventilation

Sun

Huang

Zou

et al. 2017

Building and Environment

Self Cite

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“…[29][30][31][32] The parentally administered questionnaire in CCHH asked about the children's health but contained some information on parent's health (one parent per child answered the questionnaire). [29][30][31][32] The parentally administered questionnaire in CCHH asked about the children's health but contained some information on parent's health (one parent per child answered the questionnaire).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CCHH study (China Children Home Health) is a multicenter observational study across China on associations between children's health and the home environment. [29][30][31][32] The parentally administered questionnaire in CCHH asked about the children's health but contained some information on parent's health (one parent per child answered the questionnaire). Two cities within the CCHH study (Chongqing and Changsha) have reported associations between dampness and rhinitis, eye, nose, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue among parents of young children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dampness and mold in homes across China: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue among adults

et al. 2018

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We studied dampness and mold in China in relation to rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue. A questionnaire study was performed in six cities including 36 541 randomized parents of young children. Seven self‐reported signs of dampness were evaluated. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Totally, 3.1% had weekly rhinitis, 2.8% eye, 4.1% throat and 4.8% skin symptoms, 3.0% headache and 13.9% fatigue. Overall, 6.3% of the homes had mold, 11.1% damp stains, 35.3% damp bed clothing, 12.8% water damage, 45.4% window pane condensation, 11.1% mold odor, and 37.5% humid air. All dampness signs were associated with symptoms (ORs from 1.2 to 4.6; P < 0.001), including rhinitis (ORs from 1.4 to 3.2; P < 0.001), and ORs increased by number of dampness signs. The strongest associations were for mold odor (ORs from 2.3 to 4.6) and humid air (ORs from 2.8 to 4.8). Associations were stronger among men and stronger in Beijing as compared to south China. In conclusion, dampness and mold are common in Chinese homes and associated with rhinitis and ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue. Men can be more sensitive to dampness and health effects of dampness can be stronger in northern China.

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“…Also, as is typical in the rural Midwest, the sample lacks racial diversity and, while adequately sized for main outcome analyses, may be small to test for effect modification in select subgroups [36]. A potential limitation of our study is the lack of air quality monitoring, particularly since ambient air pollution exposure in early life has been associated with the inception of allergic diseases and respiratory health [37][38][39][40][41]. This limitation could be overcome though accessing open source regulatory monitoring data.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory health, allergies, and the farm environment: design, methods and enrollment in the observational Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC): a research proposal

et al. 2019

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Epidemiologic and cross-sectional studies suggest that early life farming and animal exposures are associated with major health benefits, influencing immune development and modifying the subsequent risk of allergic diseases, including asthma. The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) study was established in central Wisconsin to test the hypothesis that early life animal farm exposures are associated with distinct innate immune cell maturation trajectories, decreased allergen sensitization and reduced respiratory viral illness burden during the first 2 years of life. Beginning in 2013, a total of 240 families have been enrolled, 16,522 biospecimens have been collected, and 4098 questionnaires have been administered and entered into a secure database. Study endpoints include nasal respiratory virus identification and respiratory illness burden score, allergic sensitization, expression of allergic disease, and anti-viral immune response maturation and profiles. The WISC study prospective design, broad biospecimen collections, and unique US rural community will provide insights into the role of environmental exposures on early life immune maturation profiles associated with protection from allergic sensitization and significant respiratory viral disease burden. The WISC study findings will ultimately inform development of new strategies to promote resistance to severe respiratory viral illnesses and design primary prevention approaches for allergic diseases for all infants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4448-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Common cold among pre-school children in China - associations with ambient PM 10 and dampness, mould, cats, dogs, rats and cockroaches in the home environment

Cited by 50 publications

References 48 publications

Home dampness-related exposures increase the risk of common colds among preschool children in Shanghai, China: Modified by household ventilation

Home dampness-related exposures increase the risk of common colds among preschool children in Shanghai, China: Modified by household ventilation

Dampness and mold in homes across China: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue among adults

Respiratory health, allergies, and the farm environment: design, methods and enrollment in the observational Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC): a research proposal

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