Common Cutaneous Bacteria from the Eastern Red-Backed Salamander Can Inhibit Pathogenic Fungi

Lauer, Antje; Simon, Mary Alice; Banning, Jenifer L.; André, Emily; Duncan, Karen L.; Harris, Reid N.

doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[630:ccbfte]2.0.co;2

Cited by 159 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The efficiency of removing transient bacteria from the salamander skin was confirmed by DGGE of 'PCR amplified' 16S rRNA gene fragments from rinsing solution and salamander skin swabs after the rinsing process for three randomly chosen individual salamanders (data not shown) and is consistent with the removal of transient bacteria demonstrated in Lauer et al (2007) for the cutaneous bacteria of the related salamander P. cinereus.…”

Section: Rinsing and Swabbing Salamanderssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…To efficiently remove transient bacteria from the skin, all salamanders were rinsed twice with sterile dechlorinated water before swabbing their ventral and lateral sides following the protocol described in Lauer et al (2007). It is possible that some of the resident bacteria were also lost by rinsing, but we assume that far more transient species were rinsed off than resident species.…”

Section: Rinsing and Swabbing Salamandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria and fungi were isolated on a low nutrient medium (R2A) following the protocol described in Lauer et al (2007). Pure cultures were frozen at À80 1C in TSYE-medium (2% trypticase soy broth, and 1% yeast extract (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA)) with 20% glycerol.…”

Section: Isolation Of Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living in moist or aquatic environments, amphibians are exposed to microorganisms through contact with soil, water, plants and each other. Indeed, amphibian skin hosts a diverse microbiota that reflects a subset of the microbiota from their habitat (Austin, 2000;Culp et al, 2007;Lauer et al, 2007;Woodhams et al, 2007). In this study, we compare culture and culture-independent assays of the cutaneous microbiota of three populations of the plethodontid salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work, antifungal bacterial species have been isolated and identified from the skin of the salamanders Salamandra salamandra (Bettin and Greven, 1986), Plethodon ventralis (Austin, 2000;Culp et al, 2007) and Plethodon cinereus (Harris et al, 2006;Lauer et al, 2007), as well as from the frog species Rana muscosa (Woodhams et al, 2007). Some antifungal bacteria or their metabolites are used in marine and freshwater aquaculture to reduce the susceptibility of the animals toward microbial pathogens including fungi (Gil-Turnes and Fenical, 1992;Verschuere et al, 2000;Irianto and Austin, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of cutaneous bacteria with antifungal activity isolated from female four-toed salamanders

et al. 2007

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Among the microbiota of amphibian skin are bacteria that produce antifungal compounds. We isolated cutaneous bacteria from the skins of three populations of the nest-attending plethodontid salamander Hemidactylium scutatum and subsequently tested the bacterial isolates against two different fungi (related to Mariannaea elegans and Rhizomucor variabilis) that were obtained from dead salamander eggs. The culturable antifungal bacteria were phylogenetically characterized based on 16S rRNA phylogeny, and belonged to four phyla, comprising 14 bacterial families, 16 genera and 48 species. We found that about half of the antifungal bacterial genera and families were shared with a related salamander species, but there was virtually no overlap at the species level. The proportion of culturable antifungal bacterial taxa shared between two large populations of H. scutatum was the same as the proportion of taxa shared between H. scutatum and Plethodon cinereus, suggesting that populations within a species have unique antifungal bacterial species. Approximately 30% of individuals from both salamander species carried anti-M. elegans cutaneous bacteria and almost 90% of P. cinereus and 100% of H. scutatum salamanders carried anti-R. variabilis cutaneous bacteria. A culture independent method (PCR/DGGE) revealed a shared resident bacterial community of about 25% of the entire resident bacterial community within and among populations of H. scutatum. Thus, the culturable antifungal microbiota was far more variable on salamander skins than was the bacterial microbiota detected by PCR/DGGE. The resident cutaneous antifungal bacteria may play an important role in amphibians' innate defense against pathogens, including the lethal chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

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Section: Rinsing and Swabbing Salamanderssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Rinsing and Swabbing Salamandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Of Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of cutaneous bacteria with antifungal activity isolated from female four-toed salamanders

et al. 2007

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Nocardioidaceae

Evtushenko¹,

Ariskina²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Ecological patterns in the skin microbiota of frogs from tropical Australia

Christian

Weitzman

Rose

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The microbiota of frog skin can play an important role in protecting against diseases and parasites. The frog skin microbial community represents a complex mix of microbes that are promoted by the chemical environment of the frog skin and influenced by the animal's immediate past environment. The microbial communities of six species of frogs sampled from the campus of Charles Darwin University (CDU) were more similar within species than between species. The microbiota of the introduced cane toad (Rhinella marina) was most dissimilar among the species. Pairwise comparisons showed that the microbial communities of each species were different, except for the terrestrial Litoria nasuta and the arboreal L. rothii. The microbial communities of the six species were not related to ecological habit (arboreal or terrestrial), and neither was the alpha diversity of the microbes. The core microbes (defined as being on ≥90% of individuals of a species or group) were significantly different among all species, although 89 microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were core microbes for all six species at CDU. Two species, Rhinella marina and Litoria rothii, were sampled at additional sites approximately 10 and 30 km from CDU. The microbial communities and the core OTU composition were different among the sites, but there were nevertheless 194 (R. marina) and 181 (L. rothii) core OTUs present at all three sites. Thus, the core microbiota varied with respect to geographic range and sample size.

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Common Cutaneous Bacteria from the Eastern Red-Backed Salamander Can Inhibit Pathogenic Fungi

Cited by 159 publications

References 29 publications

Diversity of cutaneous bacteria with antifungal activity isolated from female four-toed salamanders

Diversity of cutaneous bacteria with antifungal activity isolated from female four-toed salamanders

Nocardioidaceae

Ecological patterns in the skin microbiota of frogs from tropical Australia

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