Common orbital infections ~ State of the art ~ Part I

Abstract

Infections of the orbit and periorbita are relatively frequent, and can cause significant local and systemic morbidity. Loss of vision occurs in more than 10% of patients, and systemic sequelae can include meningitis, intracranial abscess, and death. Numerous organisms infect the orbit, but the most common are bacteria. There are many methods through which orbital infections occur, with infection from the neighboring ethmoid sinuses the most likely cause for all age groups. Prompt management is essential in suspected orbital cellulitis, and involves urgent intravenous antibiotics, rehydration, and treatment of any co-existent underlying systemic disease, e.g., diabetes, renal failure. This review summarizes the common infectious processes of the orbit in both pediatric and adult groups. We review pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, and treatment for infectious orbital processes.

<p>Combined central retinal vein, central retinal artery and cilioretinal artery occlusion with ischemic macular hole secondary to severe orbital cellulitis after black fly bite</p>

“…This depends on the severity of the pathogen and the immune system of the patient. Several studies1–3 state that the most common etiologies of orbital cellulitis involve the infection spreading from neighboring structures such as sinusitis and direct injury of eyelid or orbit which can lead to penetrating infections. The others are hematogenous spreading, opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts, dental infection and malignancy.…”

“…Fungal infections should be considered in immunocompromised patients. The complications of orbital cellulitis are poor prognosis. 3 …”

Orbital Infections and Infestations - A Narrative Review

“…Lesions may be uni or multiloculated. Other sequelae of systemic spread of orbital infections include meningitis, subdural empyema, septicaemia and toxic shock (Verity et al, 2018).…”