Communication Disorders in Individuals with HIV/AIDS

Kallail, K. James; Downs, David; Scherz, Julie

doi:10.17161/kjm.v1i3.11273

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indications exist which indicate that the HIV-effects on the auditory system can be direct as well as indirect ( Larsen, 1998 ); however, this distinction is not always clear and consistent ( Khoza-Shangase, 2010 ). Early reports in the literature showed that HIV infection might directly affect the auditory function due to the fact that the virus is neurotropic and commonly manifests itself neurologically ( McArthur, 1987 ), which may be what Kallail, Downs and Schertz (2008) refer to as HIV/AIDS being the primary cause of auditory system disorders. Reportedly, these direct causes possibly give rise to central auditory pathology found in this population ( Bankaitis; 1996 ; Lalwani and Sooy, 1992 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More commonly, though, reports in the literature have focused on the indirect effects of the virus on the ear. It is believed that indirect causes that result in hearing loss arise from opportunistic infections, which require suppressive therapy, thereby leading to ototoxicity ( Lalwani and Sooy, 1992 ; Bankaitis; 1996 ; Bankaitis and Schountz, 1998 ), and which Kallail et al (2008) refer to as iatrogenic sources ( Khoza-Shangase, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An analysis of auditory manifestations in a group of adult with AIDS prior to antiretroviral therapy

Khoza-Shangase

2011

African Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chief objective of the current study was to investigate the auditory status in a group of adults with AIDS before commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a hospital outpatient clinic in Gauteng, South Africa. A total sample of 150 participants, aged between 20 and 46 years, was assessed following a prospective qualitative research design. All participants underwent case history interviews and medical record reviews, otoscopy and tympanometry, as well as conventional pure tone audiometry testing. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data obtained. Prevalence, type, degree, configuration, and symmetry of the auditory manifestations; as well as type of onset of hearing loss and the possible causes of the auditory manifestations were analysed. Findings indicated that auditory manifestations in adults with AIDS are varied in nature and are possibly due to a number of causes. Manifestations including hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo (in varied combinations) were found; with the types of hearing loss being mainly sensorineural in nature. The severity of hearing loss ranged from mild to severe, occurred either unilaterally or bilaterally; with the type of onset being mainly gradual and progressive in nature. The varied causes of hearing loss included HIV infection or AIDS illness as a primary cause, opportunistic infections, and various ototoxic therapies that the patients had undergone. Implications for future research as well as future assessment and management of patients with AIDS are raised.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of auditory manifestations in a group of adult with AIDS prior to antiretroviral therapy

Khoza-Shangase

2011

African Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early reports in the literature demonstrated that the HIV might directly affect the auditory function due to the fact that the virus is neurotropic and commonly manifests itself neurologically,[ 4 ] which may be what Kallail et al . [ 5 ] term primary causes of auditory system disorders in HIV / AIDS. These direct causes have been reported to possibly give rise to the central pathology observed in this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 6 7 ] More commonly, however, reports in the literature focus significantly on the indirect effects of the virus on the ear. It is believed that indirect causes that result in hearing loss stem from opportunistic infections that require suppressive therapy, thereby leading to ototoxicity;[ 6 – 8 ] which Kallail et al .,[ 5 ] refer to as iatrogenic sources. It is important to note that these findings are mainly from developed countries where the presentation and management of HIV / AIDS is different from that in the developing countries, suggesting a need for more research in this area, particularly as the number of adults living with HIV / AIDS in developing countries such as South Africa is still high, and also because the context is different.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly active antiretroviral therapy: Does it Sound toxic?

Khoza-Shangase

2011

J Pharm Bioall Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe main objective of the current study is to monitor the auditory status in a group of adults with AIDS, receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) (3TC -lamivudine, D4T – stavudine, and efavirenz) in a hospital outpatient clinic in Gauteng. A total sample of 54 adults (between the ages of 18 and 50 years) in the experimental group and 16 in the control group were assessed prospectively following a repeated measures design. All participants were assessed at baseline at three months, and at six months into the treatment.Materials and MethodsThe participants underwent case history interviews and medical record reviews, otoscopy, and tympanometry, as well as conventional pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission testing. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsOn audiological monitoring, statistically significant changes (P<0.05) were established, only in the experimental group, for pure tone audiometry — with clinically significant changes found at high frequencies. Statistically significant changes with clinically significant changes were obtained for distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the experimental group, particularly at high frequencies — implying subclinical hearing function changes; while lack of statistically significant changes with no clinically significant changes were found in the control group. The subclinical hearing changes in the experimental group were also evident in the findings of the subclinical hearing loss group, who, although they had normal pure tone function after six months of follow up, presented with clinical changes on DPOAEs at 6 and 8 kHz.ConclusionsFindings highlight the need for closer monitoring of the effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on hearing, through the use of more sensitive tools of assessment when conducting drug trials.

show abstract

“…HIV, AIDS, or ART-related hearing sequelae can be better understood by analyzing studies with the pediatric population, as confounding factors could be minimized, such as the effects of chronic exposure to high sound pressure levels, effects of senility, and use of non-ART-related ototoxic medications. 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%