Communication Networks for Smart Grids

Abstract

The Computer Communications and Networks series is a range of textbooks, monographs and handbooks. It sets out to provide students, researchers and non-specialists alike with a sure grounding in current knowledge, together with comprehensible access to the latest developments in computer communications and networking.Emphasis is placed on clear and explanatory styles that support a tutorial approach, so that even the most complex of topics is presented in a lucid and intelligible manner. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) PrefaceIn its Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology declares that a twenty-first-century clean energy economy demands a twenty-first-century electric grid.1 The start of the twenty-first century marked the acceleration of the Smart Grid evolution. The goals of this evolution are broad, including the promotion of widespread and distributed deployment of renewable energy sources, increased energy efficiency, peak power reduction, automated demand response, improved reliability, lower energy delivery costs, and consumer participation in energy management. This evolution will touch each and every aspect of the electric power grid, a system that has changed l...

An Optimized WSN Design for Latency-Critical Smart Grid Applications

“…The figure clearly shows that as increases the consumption of power at any node decreases. This can be explained by noticing that as the number of nodes in a cluster increases, the nodes will suffer from more packet collisions (11). As a result, nodes will back off, after repeated collisions, for extended periods of time.…”

“…In this paper, we focus on optimizing the latency for given network and traffic conditions. Table 1 shows typical delay and QoS requirements of selected smart grid applications [11]. The delay requirements shown in the paper represent end-to-end delays (one way).…”

“…According to [11], Utility operations require that timely actions be taken in controlling the grid elements when faults or other anomalous behaviors are observed based on grid measurements. This means that different smart grid applications can tolerate different end-to-end latencies.…”

“…This requirement significantly impacts the network performance. As an example, teleprotection applications can only allow a few milliseconds, between the time a transmission line fault is detected and the tripping of a circuit breaker [11]. On the other hand, other applications, like recloser systems, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), and synchrophasors, can accept latencies between 20 ms and 100 ms. Based on that, to solve the first optimization problem (the latency requirement), we develop an optimization problem to achieve the minimum end-to-end latency while keeping certain levels of reliability, power consumption, number of nodes, and other MAC parameters defined in the 802.15.4 standard [1].…”

Data processing of high-rate low-voltage distribution grid recordings for smart grid monitoring and analysis

“…However, if these measurements reflect the energy consumption or production billing information, they are subject to privacy protection. For this reason, these data must be treated securely and confidentially [9].…”