Communication through Air Water Interface Using Multiple Light Sources

Islam, Shafiqul; Younis, Mohamed; Ahmed, Akram

doi:10.1109/icc.2018.8422432

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2 (b), where the airborne node receives and decodes information from the backscattered RF waves after striking the ripples produced by the acoustic waves on the surface. Similarly, the use of direct light from air to water has been explored in [8] and [61], followed by various works attempting to enhance the performance [60,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: B Direct Air-water Wireless Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security of Underwater and Air-Water Wireless Communication

Aman¹,

Al-Kuwari²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present a first detailed survey that focuses on the security challenges faced by the underwater and air-water (A-W) wireless communication networks (WCNs), as well as the countermeasures proposed to date. Specifically, we provide a detailed literature review of the various kinds of active and passive attacks which hamper the confidentiality, integrity, authentication and availability of both underwater and A-W WCNs. For clarity of exposition, this survey paper is mainly divided into two parts. The first part of the paper is essentially a primer on underwater and A-W WCNs whereby we outline the benefits and drawbacks of the three promising underwater and A-W candidate technologies: radio frequency (RF), acoustic, and optical, along with channel modelling. To this end, we also describe the indirect (relay-aided) and direct mechanisms for the A-W WCNs along with channel modelling. This sets the stage for the second part (and main contribution) of the paper whereby we provide a thorough comparative discussion of a vast set of works that have reported the security breaches (as well as viable countermeasures) for many diverse configurations of the underwater and A-W WCNs. Finally, we highlight some research gaps in the open literature and identify some open problems for the future work.

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Section: B Direct Air-water Wireless Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security of Underwater and Air-Water Wireless Communication

Aman¹,

Al-Kuwari²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…where, b w = water scattering coefficient in m −1 ; b 0 s = scattering coefficient for small particulate matter in m 2 /g; b 0 l = scattering coefficient for large particulate matter incm 2 /g; C s = concentration of small particles in g/m 3 , and C l = concentration of large particles in g/m 3 . The scattering albedo is defined as the ratio of the amount of scattering to the overall attenuation, i.e., w 0 = b k .…”

Section: Appendix a Calculation Of Water Attenuation Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, links based on beamforming multiple light sources perform well for a wavy surface and impure water. In [3], we have studied the coverage area and intensity inside the water for the flat surface. In this paper, we handle the general case of a wavy water surface for both single and beamforming multiple light sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Visible Light Communication Through Air–Water Interface

Islam

Younis

2019

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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In underwater wireless networks (UWNs), conventionally there is no direct communication between an underwater node and a remote command center. A floating base-station is often used to serve as an interface to a UWN; such a base-station would typically have both acoustic and radio modems to communicate with underwater nodes and offshore centers, respectively. Although employing an airborne base-station would avoid the logistically-complicated surface nodes deployment, communication across the air-water interface becomes the main challenge since it involves two mediums. This paper promotes a novel way to interconnect UWNs to airborne base-stations through visible light communication (VLC) links. The paper analyzes the viability of VLC across the air-water interface by determining the coverage area and intensity inside the water for a light transmitter placed in the air. We show that enough intensity can be achieved for VLC communication even in the presence of a wavy water surface. We then provide guidelines for using single and multiple light sources to establish robust VLC links under rough environmental conditions like high water current and turbidity. Our approach is validated using simulation and a lab experiment is done to validate the simulation result for flat water surfaces.

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“…In recent years, underwater activities and related wireless communication have drawn great interest from both academia and industry [1]- [3]. To explore and acquire data from ocean efficiently and safely, it is essential to establish communication links between underwater platforms (e.g., underwater unmanned vehicle (UUV) and sensors) and terrestrial platforms (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and base stations) [4]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Characterization of Coverage for Water-to-Air Visible Light Communication Through Wavy Water Surface

et al. 2021

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In this paper, we establish a water-to-air (W2A) visible light communication (VLC) link using green light emitting diode (LED), and investigate the coverage characteristics of the designed W2A-VLC link under calm and wavy water conditions. By transmitting a high-frequency sinusoid signal, we extract the variation of link gain. Based on the received signals of an experimental W2A-VLC system, we obtain the real link gains at different receiver points and analyze the channel temporal properties in good link conditions (called link "on" state). It is seen that the mean channel gain under wavy water surface condition can be larger than that under calm water surface condition, especially when the transmitter and receiver are not perfectly aligned, due to the random spatial modulation effect of wavy water surface. Moreover, the "on" state duration and interval can be well fitted by a shifted exponential distribution and a shifted lognormal distribution, respectively. Bit error rate (BER) results reveal the effect of expanded link gain variation under wavy water surface condition. This work provides significant guidance for future works on the communication protocol design and related performance analysis.

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Communication through Air Water Interface Using Multiple Light Sources

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Security of Underwater and Air-Water Wireless Communication

Security of Underwater and Air-Water Wireless Communication

Analyzing Visible Light Communication Through Air–Water Interface

Preliminary Characterization of Coverage for Water-to-Air Visible Light Communication Through Wavy Water Surface

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