Community - Minimal Invasive Tissue Sampling (cMITS) using modified ambulance for ascertaining cause of death: A novel approach piloted in remote inaccessible rural area in India

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Melghat in India is a hilly, forested, difficult to access, impoverished rural area with high mortality. Home deaths contribute to 67% of deaths, which are difficult to track and cause of death is mostly unknown. METHODS: A feasibility study was carried out in 93 rural villages and 5 hospitals to assess feasibility of tracking real-time community mortality and to ascertain cause of death in 0-60 months and 16-60 years age group using Minimal Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) in purpose-modified ambulance. We used the network of village health workers (VHW)s, to establish real-time community mortality tracking. Upon receipt of reports of home death, we performed MITS within 4 hours of death in the vicinity of the village. RESULTS: We conducted 16 MITS. Nine, in MITS ambulance in community and seven at MAHAN hospital. The acceptance rate of MITS was 59.26%. Standard operating procedure (SOP) of conducting community MITS in an ambulance, is established. Major challenges were, Covid19 lockdown, reluctance of tribal parents for consent for MITS due to illiteracy, superstitions and fear of organ removal. Ambulance was an easy to reach transport means in remote area, provided a well-designed and discrete facility to perform MITS in community, winning the confidence of bereaved family. This has reduced time interval between time of death and performing MITS. CONCLUSIONS: MITS in purpose-modified Ambulance can be used worldwide for community MITS especially in areas which are remote and lack healthcare access. This solution needs to be assessed in different cultural settings to document culture specific issues.