Community Outbreak Moderates the Association Between COVID-19-Related Behaviors and COVID-19 Fear Among Older People: A One-Year Longitudinal Study in Taiwan

Kuo, Yi-Jie; Chen, Yu‐Pin; Wang, Hsiao‐Wen; Liu, Chieh-hsiu; Strong, Carol; Saffari, Mohsen; Ko, Nai Ying; Lin, Chung‐Ying; Griffiths, Mark D.

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.756985

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…On the other hand, in Taiwan, the first case who has been confirmed having COVID-19 was announced on January 21, 2020, and nearly 1 month later (i.e., on February 16, 2020), the first death caused by COVID-19 was reported. Even after the announcement of COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., mid-March 2020), Taiwan still controlled the prevalence and infection rate of COVID-19 with satisfactory performance ( 35 , 36 ). Specifically, there were only 441 confirmed cases with 7 deaths at the time of 28 May 2020 (the population size in Taiwan was over 23 million).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Distress and Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Different Populations: Hong Kong General Population, Taiwan Healthcare Workers, and Taiwan Outpatients

et al. 2022

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PurposeThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused psychological distress and changed human living styles. However, rare studies have examined the psychological distress and protective behaviors across different populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess psychological distress, protective behaviors, and potential predictors of psychological distress and protective behaviors across the Hong Kong general population, Taiwan healthcare workers, and Taiwan outpatients.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used to recruit participants from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Telephone interviews were carried out for Hong Kong participants (n = 1,067; 30.2% male participants); online surveys were used for Taiwan healthcare workers (n = 500; 8.0% male participants) and Taiwan outpatients (n = 192; 32.8% male participants). All the participants completed questions on psychological distress and protective behaviors. Multiple linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to explore the potential predictors of psychological distress and protective behaviors, respectively.ResultsHong Kong participants had significantly lower levels of psychological distress than Taiwan participants [mean (SD) = 0.16 (0.39) vs. 0.47 (0.59) in healthcare workers and 0.46 (0.65) in outpatients; p < 0.001]. Hong Kong participants (51.7%) and Taiwan outpatients had more people showing fear of COVID-19 (52.0%) than Taiwan healthcare providers (40.8%; p < 0.001). Moreover, Hong Kong participants engaged the most in protective behaviors, followed by Taiwan healthcare providers and Taiwan outpatients (p < 0.001). Moreover, being a female, fear of COVID-19 and worry about personal savings were associated with protective behaviors in general.ConclusionsDespite the greater COVID-19 severity and fear of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, the general population in Hong Kong experienced less psychosocial distress with higher compliance to protective behaviors than the other groups in Taiwan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Distress and Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Different Populations: Hong Kong General Population, Taiwan Healthcare Workers, and Taiwan Outpatients

et al. 2022

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“…Instead of the postulation that higher perceived susceptibility would induce protection motivation, it is plausible that the reverse had occurred, i.e., those who practiced social distancing would perceive weaker susceptibility to contracting the virus. Previous studies also argued that perceived susceptibility might not be a key factor of compliance with preventive behaviors when a community outbreak was not severe [ 17 ], which was the case in Hong Kong. Furthermore, it is possible that perceived susceptibility that was positively related to fear would cause irrational thoughts, which would lead to a low level of compliance [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the protection motivation theory to understand determinants of compliance with the measure of banning gathering size >4 in all public areas for controlling COVID-19 in a Hong Kong Chinese adult general population

Lau

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Restriction of gathering size in all public areas is a newly and commonly exercised governmental social distancing policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its effectiveness depends on the general public’s compliance. This study applied the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to investigate determinants (i.e., perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived response efficacy, and perceived self-efficacy) of compliance with the social distancing policy of banning gathering of >4 people in all public areas (BG4PA) in the Hong Kong general adult population. Methods 300 participants were interviewed through a population-based telephone survey during April 21–28, 2020. Results The compliance rate of BG4PA was high (78%). Adjusted for the background factors, multiple linear regression analysis found that perceived response efficacy and perceived self-efficacy were significantly and positively associated with compliance with BG4PA (p<0.05), while the associations between perceived severity/perceived susceptibility and compliance were of marginal significance (0.05<p<0.10). A stepwise linear regression model considered four PMT constructs as candidates; its final model only selected self-efficacy but not the other three PMT constructs. Conclusions PMT can be applied to understand compliance with BG4PA. Perceived response efficacy and perceived self-efficacy were more influential than perceived severity and perceived susceptibility. Health promotion may focus on improving coping appraisal.

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“…Both showed a decline: of 0.77 number and 3.87%, respectively (Figure 1 and Table 2). Older people's psychological distress, fear, and related behavior was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Therefore, if the pandemic can be controlled, it will help to increase the frequency of travel.…”

Section: Discussion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, older people tourists who spent more on entertainment also spent more on transportation. "2020 other" includes the "leisure and health care" and "fewer crowds" factors, 16.50 and 6.00%, respectively.…”

Section: Pca Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Domestic Tourism by Older People in Taiwan

Chan

2022

Front. Public Health

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Taiwan's older population (those over the age of 65) reached ~3.95 million at the end of January 2022, accounting for around 16.9% of the country's total population. It is already an “aged society.” With the gradual increase in the older population, the older people tourism market is also getting more and more attention. This article explores how older people tourism was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (present in Tawian from early 2020), which was a major international public health event. This study adopts quantitative and PCA methods to statistically analyze the changes before and after the pandemic. The study results found that the frequency of tourism decreased after the pandemic: the number was 5.32, a decrease of 0.77, and instances of at least 1 tourist trip decreased by 3.87% after the pandemic. Regarding the reasons for not participating in tourism, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 accounted for a factor of 19.9%. Total travel expenses were NT$2,590, an increase of NT$229.67, and were not affected by the pandemic. We carried out a PCA analysis on tourism spending. The first component was food, accommodation, shopping, and other expenses. The factor loadings were 0.989, 0.931, 0.641 and −0.948, respectively. The second component was entertainment and transportation expenses. The factor loadings were 0.997 and 0.902, respectively. In conclusion, we put forward relevant discussions and suggestions to make tourism for older people healthier and more sustainable.

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Community Outbreak Moderates the Association Between COVID-19-Related Behaviors and COVID-19 Fear Among Older People: A One-Year Longitudinal Study in Taiwan

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Psychological Distress and Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Different Populations: Hong Kong General Population, Taiwan Healthcare Workers, and Taiwan Outpatients

Psychological Distress and Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Different Populations: Hong Kong General Population, Taiwan Healthcare Workers, and Taiwan Outpatients

Application of the protection motivation theory to understand determinants of compliance with the measure of banning gathering size >4 in all public areas for controlling COVID-19 in a Hong Kong Chinese adult general population

The Impact of COVID-19 on Domestic Tourism by Older People in Taiwan

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