Community study of urinary pH and osmolality.

Waters, W. E.; Sussman, M.; Asscher, A. W.

doi:10.1136/jech.21.3.129

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In the USA, the geometric mean of urinary osmolality in spontaneous urine samples of a subsample of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was 649 mosm/kg in males and 540 mosm/kg in females [12]. Higher urinary osmolalities in males than females were also demonstrated in Great Britain (15-to 65-year-olds: 749 vs. 643 mosm/kg [13], 3-to 18-year-olds: 896 vs. 781 mosm/kg [14]). However, no significant sex difference was observed in Israel (2-to 6-year-olds: 806 vs. 760 mosm/kg) [15] and Italy (3-monthto 12-year-olds: 663 mosm/kg) [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Sex Difference of Urinary Osmolality in German Children

Ebner

Manz²

2002

Am J Nephrol

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Background/Aims: Origin of sex difference in urinary osmolality. Methods: In 495 healthy children aged 4.0–14.9 years participating in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study (247 boys, 248 girls), the water intake recorded in 24-hour weighed dietary records along with urinary volume, osmolality and free water reserve in 24-hour urine samples from the same day as the dietary record were determined. Results: Boys showed a significantly higher energy intake, total water intake, urinary osmolality and osmolar load than girls but no increase in urinary volume. When referred to energy intake, mean urinary volume and mean free water reserve were significantly higher in girls than boys. Girls could have a preference for food with a higher water density and lower non-renal water losses. Conclusion: German girls of the DONALD study displayed a lower urinary osmolality than German boys due to a relatively higher urinary volume. The sex difference could be caused by a higher water density of the ingested food (ml/kcal) and a lower insensible water loss (ml/kcal) in girls than boys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Sex Difference of Urinary Osmolality in German Children

Ebner

Manz²

2002

Am J Nephrol

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“…Higher urine osmolalities in males than females were also demonstrated in Germany (2.5-17.5 y-old: 801 vs 729 mosm/ kg, Robers & Manz, 1996;7.0-11.9 y-old 810 vs 706 mosm/ kg, Ebner & Manz, 2002; 50-76 y-old: 713 vs 610 mosm/kg, Singhof & Manz, 2001) and the UK (15-65 y-old: 749 vs 643 mosm/kg, Waters et al, 1967; 3-to 18-y-old: 896 vs 781 mosm/kg, Skinner et al, 1996). However, no significant sex difference was observed in Italy (3-month-to 12-y-old: 663 mosm/kg, Riva et al, 1984), Israel (2-to 6-y-old: 806 vs 760 mosm/kg, Phillip et al, 1993) and Poland (402 vs 380 mosm/kg, Fydryk J, personal communication).…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In cross-sectional studies in healthy adolescents and adults ranging in age from 15 y to about 65 y, mean Uosm decreased by 3.5 mosm/kg*y in the USA (Kutz et al, 1992) and 4.4-4.9 mosm/kg*y in the UK (Waters et al, 1967). This decrease is very similar to the age decrease in maximum Uosm of about 3.6 mosm/kg*y (Figure 3).…”

Section: Neonatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In four settlements of Israel mean Uosm ranged from 875 to 1205 mosm/kg and indoor workers showed a lower mean Uosm of 852 mosm/kg than outdoor workers of 952 mosm/kg (Berlyne et al, 1976). Rural populations had a lower mean Uosm than suburban or urban populations (UK: Waters et al, 1967;Thailand: Van Reen et al, 1970). Athletes in nonweight category sports showed a lower mean morning Uosm of 627 mosm/kg than boxers of 775 mosm/kg and wrestlers of 777 mosm/kg in weight category sports (Shirreffs & Maughan, 1998).…”

Section: Further Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

24-h hydration status: parameters, epidemiology and recommendations

2003

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Hydration of individuals and groups is characterised by comparing actual urine osmolality (Uosm) with maximum Uosm. Data of actual, maximum and minimum Uosm in infants, children and adults and its major influencing factors are reviewed. There are remarkable ontogenetic, individual and cultural differences in Uosm. In the foetus and the breast-fed infant Uosm is much lower than plasma osmolality, whereas in children and adults it is usually much higher. Individuals and groups may show long-term differences in Uosm. In industrialised countries, the gender difference of Uosm is common. There are large intercultural differences of mean 24-h Uosm ranging from 860 mosm/kg in Germany, 649 mosm/kg in USA to 392 mosm/kg in Poland. A new physiologically based concept called 'free-water reserve' quantifies differences in 24-h euhydration. In 189 boys of the DONALD Study aged 4.0-6.9 y, median urine volume was 497 ml/24-h and median Uosm 809 mosm/kg. Considering meanÀ2 s.d. of actual maximum 24-h Uosm of 830 mosm/kg as upper level of euhydration and physiological criterion of adequate hydration in these boys, median free-water reserve was 11 ml/24-h. Based on median total water intake of 1310 ml/ 24-h and the third percentile of free-water volume of À156 ml/24-h, adequate total water intake was 1466 ml/24-h or 1.01 ml/ kcal. Data of Uosm in 24-h urine samples and corresponding free-water reserve values of homogeneous groups of healthy subjects from all over the world might be useful parameters in epidemiology to investigate the health effects of different levels of 24-h euhydration.

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“…the pH value is compatible with that reported here where there is a maximum in adhesion of type 1 fimbriae. Additionally, in the urinary tract, pH of urine is generally larger than 5.0 56,57 and it thus again corresponds to optimal condition for strong type 1 fimbriae-mediated cell adhesion and colonization of the bladder.…”

Section: Effect Of Ph On Electrokinetics Of Bacterial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%