“…The experimental set up of the complete flow analysis system is depicted in figure 3. The manifold includes a three-way solenoid valve (NResearch 161T031, NResearch Incorporated, West Caldwell, NJ, USA), controlled by a virtual instrument especially developed to define a multicommutation function [48], and a four-channel ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT peristaltic pump (Gilson Company, Inc., Columbus, OH, USA) for liquid pumping.…”