Compact standalone platform for neural recording with real-time spike sorting and data logging

Luan, Song; Williams, Ian; Maslik, Michal; Liu, Yan; Carvalho, Felipe de; Jackson, Andrew; Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian; Constandinou, Timothy G.

doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aabc23

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[29] is the most similar, being developed on the same recording system, while works from Wang, P.K. et al [24] and Luan, S. et al [30] use only the same headstage. Particularly, the latter is a battery-powered standalone platform that logs data on a SD card and therefore, could be considered belonging to another category of devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA Design Integration of a 32-Microelectrodes Low-Latency Spike Detector in a Commercial System for Intracortical Recordings

Tambaro

Bisio

Maschietto

et al. 2021

Digital

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Numerous experiments require low latencies in the detection and processing of the neural brain activity to be feasible, in the order of a few milliseconds from action to reaction. In this paper, a design for sub-millisecond detection and communication of the spiking activity detected by an array of 32 intracortical microelectrodes is presented, exploiting the real-time processing provided by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The design is embedded in the commercially available RHS stimulation/recording controller from Intan Technologies, that allows recording intracortical signals and performing IntraCortical MicroStimulation (ICMS). The Spike Detector (SD) is based on the Smoothed Nonlinear Energy Operator (SNEO) and includes a novel approach to estimate an RMS-based firing-rate-independent threshold, that can be tuned to fine detect both the single Action Potential (AP) and Multi Unit Activity (MUA). A low-latency SD together with the ICMS capability, creates a powerful tool for Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) closed-loop experiments relying on the neuronal activity-dependent stimulation. The design also includes: A third order Butterworth high-pass IIR filter and a Savitzky-Golay polynomial fitting; a privileged fast USB connection to stream the detected spikes to a host computer and a sub-milliseconds latency Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) protocol communication to send detections and receive ICMS triggers. The source code and the instruction of the project can be found on GitHub.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA Design Integration of a 32-Microelectrodes Low-Latency Spike Detector in a Commercial System for Intracortical Recordings

Tambaro

Bisio

Maschietto

et al. 2021

Digital

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“…Such events might easily be missed in shorter datasets. In future, the number of channels that can be monitored simultaneously may be increased (theoretically by several orders of magnitude) by incorporating spike sorting to compress the data before storage (Luan et al, 2018). We hope these technologies will provide an unprecedented window into how firing is coordinated within distributed neural networks during waking and sleeping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Neural Activity in Primary Motor Cortex during Sleep

Carvalho

Jackson

2019

J. Neurosci.

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Sequential firing of neurons during sleep is thought to play a role in the consolidation of learning. However, direct evidence for such sequence replay is limited to only a few brain areas and sleep states mainly in rodents. Using a custom-designed wearable neural data logger and chronically implanted electrodes, we made long-term recordings of neural activity in the primary motor cortex of two female nonhuman primates during free behavior and natural sleep. We used the local field potential (LFP) spectrogram to characterize sleep cycles, and examined firing rates, correlations, and sequential firing of neurons at different frequency bands through the cycle. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) was characterized by low neural firing rates and high synchrony, reflecting slow oscillations between cortical down and up states. However, the order in which neurons entered up states was similar to the sequence of neural activity observed at low frequencies during waking behavior. In addition, we found evidence of brief bursts of theta oscillation, associated with non-SWS states, during which neurons fired in strikingly regular sequential order phase-locked to the LFP. Theta sequences were preserved between waking and sleep, but appeared not to resemble the order of neural activity observed at lower frequencies. The sequential firing of neurons during slow oscillations and theta bursts may contribute to the consolidation of procedural memories during sleep. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Replay of sequential neural activity during sleep is believed to support consolidation of daytime learning. Despite a wealth of studies investigating sequential replay in association with episodic and spatial memory, it is unknown whether similar sequences occur in motor areas during sleep. Within long-term neural recordings from monkey motor cortex, we found two distinct patterns of sequential activity during different phases of the natural sleep cycle. Slow-wave sleep was associated with delta-band sequences that resembled low-frequency activity during movement, while occasional brief bursts of theta oscillation were associated with a different order of sequential firing. Our results are the first report of sequential sleep replay in the motor cortex, which may play an important role in consolidation of procedural learning.

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“…Complete layout design of the optical biotelemetry system. integration with implantable intracortical recording systems [14]- [16] allowing for transmission of over 2,000 channels of raw data. The full custom integrated circuit is currently in fabrication.…”

Section: Post-layout Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultra-Wideband-Inspired System-on-Chip for an Optical Bidirectional Transcutaneous Biotelemetry

Marcellis

Stanchieri

Palange

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)

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This paper describes an integrated communication system, implementing a UWB-inspired pulsed coding technique, for an optical transcutaneous biotelemetry. The system consists of both a transmitter and a receiver facilitating a bidirectional link. The transmitter includes a digital data coding circuit and is capable of generating sub-nanosecond current pulses and directly driving an off-chip semiconductor laser diode including all bias and drive circuits. The receiver includes an integrated compact PN-junction photodiode together with signal conditioning, detection and digital data decoding circuits to enable a high bit rate, energy efficient communication. The proposed solution has been implemented in a commercially available 0.35 µm CMOS technology provided by AMS. The circuit core occupies a compact silicon footprint of less than 0.13 mm 2 (only 113 transistors and 1 resistor). Post-layout simulations have validated the overall system operation demonstrating the ability to operate at bit rates up to 500 Mbps with pulse widths of 300 ps with a total power efficiency (transmitter + receiver) lower than 74 pJ/bit. This makes the system ideally suited for demanding applications that require high bit rates at extremely low energy levels. One such application is implantable brain machine interfaces requiring high uplink bitrates to transmit recorded data externally through a transcutaneous communication channel.

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Compact standalone platform for neural recording with real-time spike sorting and data logging

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

FPGA Design Integration of a 32-Microelectrodes Low-Latency Spike Detector in a Commercial System for Intracortical Recordings

FPGA Design Integration of a 32-Microelectrodes Low-Latency Spike Detector in a Commercial System for Intracortical Recordings

Sequential Neural Activity in Primary Motor Cortex during Sleep

An Ultra-Wideband-Inspired System-on-Chip for an Optical Bidirectional Transcutaneous Biotelemetry

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