Comparative Analysis of Different Platelet Lysates and Platelet Rich Preparations to Stimulate Tendon Cell Biology: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Abstract:The poor healing potential of tendons is still a clinical problem, and the use of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) was hypothesized to stimulate healing. As the efficacy of PRPs remains unproven, platelet lysate (PL) could be an alternative with its main advantages of storage and characterization before use. Five different blood products were prepared from 16 male donors: human serum, two PRPs (Arthrex, (PRP-ACP); RegenLab (PRP-BCT)), platelet concentrate (apheresis, PC), and PL (freezing-thawing destruction of PC). Additionally, ten commercial allogenic PLs (AlloPL) from pooled donors were tested. The highest concentration of most growth factors was found in AlloPL, whereas the release of growth factors lasted longer in the other products. PRP-ACP, PRP-BCT, and PC significantly increased cell viability of human tenocyte-like cells, whereas PC and AlloPL increased Col1A1 expression and PRP-BCT increased Col3A1 expression. MMP-1, IL-1β, and HGF expression was significantly increased and Scleraxis expression decreased by most blood products. COX1 expression significantly decreased by PC and AlloPL. No clear positive effects on tendon cell biology could be shown, which might partially explain the weak outcome results in clinical practice. Pooled PL seemed to have the most beneficial effects and might be the future in using blood products for tendon tissue regeneration.

Systematic Comparison of the Effect of Four Clinical-Grade Platelet Rich Hemoderivatives on Osteoblast Behaviour

“…These drawbacks can be mitigated by using chair-side hemoderivates such as P-PRP, L-PRP or i-PRF, which are processed chairside in closed systems, thereby reducing the possibility of cross-contamination. Recent attempts to assess the performance of HPL compared to traditional PRP [36] have demonstrated that high concentrations of growth factors, such as TGF-β1, VEGF, PDGF-AB, in platelet lysate, did not result in increased cell viability or extracellular matrix protein gene expression. It was hypothesised that some of the growth factors involved in cell proliferation could be altered or degraded during the freezing step at −80 • C, resulting in a reduced impact on cellular behaviour.…”

Novel therapeutic approaches in utilizing platelet lysate in regenerative medicine: Are we ready for clinical use?

“…Klatte-Schulz & Schmidt, 2018). Different numbers of freeze/thaw cycles are suggested in available protocols with the preferred cycle number of 3-5(Strandberg et al, 2017).…”

Importance of homogenization in platelet-rich plasma researches

“…We used the ACD-A tubes to make homemade PRP s after evaluating the various protocols published in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. There are many protocols for PRP and different concentrations are reported while using different spin times and different g forces.…”

“…Different PRP volumes can be obtained according to the tubes used. Approximately 1 cc from the tube containing 8.5 cc of blood + 1.5 cc ACDA containing ACDA, about 0.25 cc of PRP from the 2.5 cc volume of Na citrated tube can be obtained [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In fact, the amount of PRP collected is EXPERIMENTAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH http://www.experimentalbiomedicalresearch.com related to how much the amount is concentrated.…”

“…Because the main thing that provides treatment is related to the growth factors that are released from the platelets [2,3] this platelet counting is necessary after platelets in the PRP are homogeneously dispersed in the plasma. PRP is obtained in different amounts depending on the tubes used [3][4][5][6]. When preparing PRP, single spin or double spin can be used [2], single spin is generally used in most clinics.…”