Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in healthy and diarrheic yaks

Abstract

Background Yak (Bos grunniens) mainly inhabiting Tibet Plateau, displayed a high incidence of diarrhea due to harsh living environment and nutritional deficit. Gut microbial community has been reported to be closely related to many diseases including diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, but information regarding diarrheic influence on gut microbiota in yaks remains scarce. Here, this study was performed to investigate the gut bacterial and fungal alternations of diarrheic yaks. Results Results revealed that the gut bacterial and fungal communities of diarrheic yaks showed a distinct decline in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant shifts in taxonomic compositions. Specifically, diarrhea caused a distinct increase in the relative abundance of 1 phylum and 8 genera as well as a distinct decrease in 3 phyla and 30 genera. Fungal taxonomic analysis indicated that the relative richness of 1 phylum and 2 genera dramatically increased, whereas the relative richness of 2 phylum and 43 genera significantly decreased during diarrhea. Surprisingly, 2 bacterial genera and 5 fungal genera even cannot be detected in the gut microbiota of diarrheic yaks. Conclusions In summary, this study indicated that the gut bacterial and fungal compositions and diversities of yaks altered significantly during diarrhea. Moreover, these findings also contribute to understanding the gut microbial composition and diversity of yaks and developing strategies to alleviate and prevent diarrhea from gut microbial perspective.

Effect of Adding Stems and Leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi to Feed on the Microbial Diversity of Cattle Feces

“…At the phylum level, our research results show that Firmicutes and Bacteroides are the two main groups, followed by Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Verrucomimicrobia and Proteobacteria. This is consistent with the research results of Liu et al [25] and Wen et al [23]. It is worth noting that the addition of 6% and 9% Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves signi cantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroides.…”

Sodium acetate/sodium butyrate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea in mice via regulating the gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, and NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling

“…The intestinal tissue injury is mediated through the administration of the antioxidants ( Dashdorj et al, 2013 ; Aziz et al, 2021 ; Hassan et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Murtaza et al, 2021 ). Oxidative agents of SOD, T-AOC, GSH-Px, and MDA are commonly known important enzymes related to oxidative stress, which may cause intestinal damage ( Mehmood et al, 2019 ; Liu J. et al, 2022 ). In mice serums, no obvious difference was found in GSH-px and SOD between the control group and LPS-induced groups, respectively, while a prominently higher level of MDA ( p < 0.01) was detected in group L; however, there was a significant decrease in MDA ( p < 0.01) levels in sodium acetate/sodium butyrate supplemented groups D, B, and A, respectively ( Figure 3 ), suggesting that sodium acetate/sodium butyrate improves intestinal oxidative damage by reducing MDA contents.…”

“…Despite measures such as improved hygiene and scientific feeding management with the use of extensive drugs, this disease, i.e., diarrhea, remains serious ( Li et al, 2022 ). The imbalance in gut microbiota was commonly recognized as the primary cause of diarrhea ( Schmoeller et al, 2021 ), and many studies found changed intestine microbiota in diarrhea of cattle ( Chuang et al, 2022 ; Coelho et al, 2022 ; Li et al, 2022 ; Liu J. et al, 2022 ).…”

Dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in cattle at different breeds and health states

“…Animals of various species need to evolve different intestinal flora structures to adapt to their habitats, and diet characteristics, etc. ( Liu et al, 2021 , 2022 ). For example, herbivores have a higher intestinal flora structure to digest cellulose and realize energy conversion ( Dong et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2022 ).…”