Comparative Analysis of Hemostatic Agents in a Swine Model of Lethal Groin Injury

Abstract

Of the hemostatic agents tested, QuikClot improved survival and decreased bleeding in a swine model of lethal vascular and soft tissue injury.

Hemostatic Efficacy of Local “Chitosan Linear Polymer” Granule in an Experimental Sheep Model with Severe Bleeding of Arteria and Vena Femoralis

“…Recognizing the potential limited access to additional product in emergency evacuation situations, it was likewise important that the product could be re-applied if bleeding recurred. [1,3,13,15,16,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][31][32][33] While some reports on human use have been published, live tissue studies and animal trials have been highly encouraging. Chitosan linear polymer has a long shelf life and requires no special assembly (or mixing of components) at the time of application.…”

“…[2,3,7,[18][19][20] While many local hemostatic agents have been tested, no clear consensus exists regarding optimal hemorrhage control strategy for external bleeding. [1,4,8,9,[13][14][15][16][17]20,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] However, Pusateri and Grissom [10,19] outlined ideal qualities of hemostatic agents for prehospital and battlefield use.…”

“…Complex right groin injury was induced to produce uncontrolled hemorrhage, as described by Alam et al [15,16] Injury included dissection of proximal thigh soft tissues (skin, quadriceps, and adductor muscles) and later, complete division of dissected femoral artery and vein just below the inguinal ligament. This was achieved by incising the vessels with a sharp no.…”

“…[1,6,7] The need for hemostatic agents is greater in the event of large-scale disaster such as terrorist attack, bombing, or devastating earthquake, though in such austere conditions, proper hemostasis of all those wounded is often impossible to achieve. [1][2][3][4][5][8][9][10][11][14][15][16]18,20] The aim of the present study was to test the hemostatic effect of chitosan linear polymer and compression, compared with standard gauze dressing and compression in an experimental young sheep model with severe bleeding of femoral artery and vein. The hypothesis was that chitosan linear polymer would stop the bleeding more quickly and effectively than the standard treatment.…”

“…Rapid hemostasis is essential as a strategy, not only for initial survival, but also for optimal recovery. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] A recent review of autopsies of 982 combat deaths from Iraq and Afghanistan revealed that nearly 24% could have been prevented with effective treatment. Of those potentially preventable deaths, 85% occurred as a result of hemorrhage, 1/3 of which were compressible, 2/3 of which were not, em-…”