Comparative Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Bone Marrow, Placenta, and Adipose Tissue as Sources of Cell Therapy

Abstract

Various source-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multipotent capabilities were considered for cell therapeutics of incurable diseases. The applicability of MSCs depends on the cellular source and on their different in vivo functions, despite having similar phenotypic and cytological characteristics. We characterized MSCs from different sources, including human bone marrow (BM), placenta (PL), and adipose tissue (AT), in terms of the phenotype, surface antigen expression, differentiation ability, proteome reference map, and blood flow recovery in a hindlimb ischemic disease model. The MSCs exhibit different differentiation potentials depending on the cellular source despite having similar phenotypic and surface antigen expression. We identified approximately 90 differentially regulated proteins. Most up- or down-regulated proteins show cytoskeletal or oxidative stress, peroxiredoxin, and apoptosis roles according to their functional involvement. In addition, the PL-MSCs retained a higher therapeutic efficacy than the BM- and AT-MSCs in the hindlimb ischemic disease model. In summary, we examined differentially expressed key regulatory factors for MSCs that were obtained from several cellular sources and demonstrated their differentially expressed proteome profiles. Our results indicate that primitive PL-MSCs have biological advantages relative to those from other sources, making PL-MSCs a useful model for clinical applications of cell therapy.

Heterogeneity of proangiogenic features in mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and placenta

“…Konig et al [51] demonstrated that placental MSCs isolated from blood vessels were better than those from avascular tissues on supporting endothelial cell functions. Jeon et al [52] reported that placenta-derived MSCs retained a higher therapeutic efficacy than BMSCs and AMSCs in the hind-limb ischemic disease model. Moreover, our RT-PCR results showed a higher angiogenic cytokine expression in the same donor-derived PMSCs rather than UMSCs, which further indicated that the in-situ environment but not the development status might have some effect on the proangiogenic features of MSCs.…”

miR-301b~miR-130b—PPARγ axis underlies the adipogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins

“…MSCs derived from different tissues may have varied functional properties in spite of the similar morphologic characteristics and immunophenotypes, which make it complicated and confusing about what a source of MSCs to choose for a certain clinical purpose 15, 17 . Many comparative studies have been performed to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and immune regulation of MSCs derived from different tissues.…”

“…reported that BM-MSCs were also shown to undergo senescence at an earlier population doubling than the adipose and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells from equine tissue 25 . Placenta-derived MSCs were shown to have a lower potential to undergo adipogenesis but have a higher potential to undergo osteogenesis than BM-MSCs and Ad-MSCs 17 . However, the comparative adipogenic potentials of UC-MSC, Ad-MSC and BM-MSC are still controversial and the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be explored.…”

“…Current research on MSCs is mainly focused on their self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage differentiation potential, surface markers, and immune regulation 12–14 . Multiple comparative studies have demonstrated that MSCs derived from different tissues have varied differentiation potential, proliferative ability and immunomodulatory effect, in spite of their similar morphological characteristics and surface antigen expression 15–17 . However, the detailed mechanism underlying the differences remains to be determined.…”

Feasibility of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a tool for studying pregnancy-related disorders

“…The cytological characteristics of MSCs vary according to their origin40. Placenta-derived MSCs were recently reported to possess better immunoregulatory properties than umbilical cord-derived MSCs41.…”