Comparative Analysis of Packet Delay based on Density of Network

Abstract

Abstract-MANETS are composed of sensing nodes which organize themselves into temporary topologies and forward data to each other. Delay in packet delivery depends on interference from various nodes in the network, length of path from source to destination, hop count, mobility of nodes, interference from other neighbours, bandwidth etc. To make data delivery more reliable, accurate prediction of delay is necessary task. The goal of this paper is to predict the source to destination delay in MANETs in presence of all the factors affecting the delivery of packet and to compare the prediction results in case of different protocols when the size of network also varies from sparse to dense.Keywords-MANET, NS3, Artificial Neural Network model; ANN, Time series prediction model, AODV protocol, delay prediction, Quality of Service; QoS, FlowMonitor, Network Monitoring. I. INTRODUCTIONThe sensor nodes moving in sensor field and forming a special network known as Mobile Adhoc network (MANETs). All nodes can voluntarily and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary "Ad Hoc" network topologies.[1] Since the nodes are mobile and changing locations rapidly, they will be entering or leaving the sensor area very fast. Also, if two nodes within their transmission range will have a direct path between them they can communicate directly but they must communicate with each other using a number of links through different intermediate hops if they are not within each other's transmission range. The network is ad-hoc because selection of node that forwards data will be chosen dynamically based on network connectivity. This implies that every node performs as a host as well as a router since it oversees routing information between its neighbours. For such an erratic network, routing is much more complex than in traditional wireless systems, due to the lack of integrated control and information about prearranged topology. The lack of infrastructure makes it difficult to ensure the reliability of packet delivery over multi-hop routes. Because of challenges associated with routing of packets in the past they have always been the area of research for the scholars. Many research activities have been conducted to enhance the efficiency of protocols of different classes. Because of the dynamic nature of MANETs end to end stable communication and assurance of packet delivery has always been at threat.[2] Thus, in a MANET, quality of service is of prime concern. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the capability of a network to provide better service to selected network traffic over various technologies. To provide quality delivery to real time applications, it is imperative that ad-hoc networks provide quality of service (QoS) support in terms of throughput, delay, jitter, reliability etc. There are many researchers who have tried to address the issue of QoS many times through many ways. In this paper, we have tried to focus on delay which is an important QoS metric in adhoc networks routing. A component of the delay which does not ...