Comparative Analysis of Pregnancy Complications in Primigravida versus Multigravida

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a complex and significant phase in a woman's life, presenting various physiological and psychological challenges. The differentiation in obstetric outcomes between primigravida (first-time pregnant women) and multigravida (women with one or more previous pregnancies) has been a subject of extensive research, with varying implications for maternal and neonatal health. Understanding these differences is crucial for the development of targeted antenatal care and intervention strategies. Objective: This study aims to compare the obstetric complications and outcomes between primigravida and multigravida women, to identify specific areas of risk and tailor antenatal care accordingly. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data collected from 340 pregnant women at the Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, from March 2022 to March 2023. The study population was divided into primigravida (n=160) and multigravida (n=180) groups. Data on demographic characteristics, obstetric complications, and delivery outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with descriptive statistics summarizing demographic data and chi-square tests comparing the incidence of complications. Results: Primigravida women had a mean age of 25.5±3.2 years, whereas multigravida women were older, with a mean age of 29.8±4.1 years. Gestational hypertension (15% vs. 10%, p<0.05), gestational diabetes (8% vs. 6%, p<0.05), and preterm labor (10% vs. 8%, p>0.05) were more prevalent in primigravida women. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of placenta previa, placental abruption, or postpartum hemorrhage. Delivery methods varied slightly, with spontaneous vaginal delivery being the most common in both groups. Conclusion: The study reveals that primigravida women are at a higher risk for certain pregnancy complications compared to multigravida women, highlighting the necessity for customized antenatal care. These findings support the development of tailored monitoring and intervention strategies to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.