Comparative analysis of primary metabolites and transcriptome changes between ungrafted and pumpkin-grafted watermelon during fruit development

Ali, Aslam; Zhao, Shengjie; Azam, Muhammad; Lu, Xingrong; He, Nan; Li, Bingbing; Dou, Junling; Zhu, Huiling; Liu, Wenge

doi:10.7717/peerj.8259

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The choice of rootstock can affect not only scion’s growth, yield, and tolerance to stresses but also efficiently affect genes that control quality. Yet, the effect of grafting per se is severely depicted by the differentially expressed genes associated with fruit quality and reported in grafted plants ( Aslam et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Grafting and Changes In Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Grafting From a Molecular Point of View: The Involvement of Epigenetics in Rootstock-Scion Interactions

Tsaballa¹,

Xanthopoulou²,

Madesis

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Vegetable grafting is extensively used today in agricultural production to control soil-borne pathogens, abiotic and biotic stresses and to improve phenotypic characteristics of the scion. Commercial vegetable grafting is currently practiced in tomato, watermelon, melon, eggplant, cucumber, and pepper. It is also regarded as a rapid alternative to the relatively slow approach of breeding for increased environmental-stress tolerance of fruit vegetables. However, even though grafting has been used for centuries, until today, there are still many issues that have not been elucidated. This review will emphasize on the important mechanisms taking place during grafting, especially the genomic interactions between grafting partners and the impact of rootstocks in scion’s performance. Special emphasis will be drawn on the relation between vegetable grafting, epigenetics, and the changes in morphology and quality of the products. Recent advances in plant science such as next-generation sequencing provide new information regarding the molecular interactions between rootstock and scion. It is now evidenced that genetic exchange is happening across grafting junctions between rootstock and scion, potentially affecting grafting-mediated effects already recorded in grafted plants. Furthermore, significant changes in DNA methylation are recorded in grafted scions, suggesting that these epigenetic mechanisms could be implicated in grafting effects. In this aspect, we also discuss the process and the molecular aspects of rootstock scion communication. Finally, we provide with an extensive overview of gene expression changes recorded in grafted plants and how these are related to the phenotypic changes observed. Τhis review finally seeks to elucidate the dynamics of rootstock-scion interactions and thus stimulate more research on grafting in the future. In a future where sustainable agricultural production is the way forward, grafting could play an important role to develop products of higher yield and quality in a safe and “green” way.

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Section: Grafting and Changes In Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Grafting From a Molecular Point of View: The Involvement of Epigenetics in Rootstock-Scion Interactions

Tsaballa¹,

Xanthopoulou²,

Madesis

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In addition, graft-induced protein-coding RNAs and non-coding small RNAs have been detected in the scion or rootstock of vegetables ( Ren et al, 2018 ; Miao et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019a , b ; Zhang et al, 2019a , b ; Aslam et al, 2020 ; Garcia-Lozano et al, 2020 ; Spanò et al, 2020 ) as well as woody species grafts ( Cookson et al, 2013 ; Corso et al, 2015 ; Kaja et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Chitarra et al, 2017 ; Pagliarani et al, 2017 ). Such graft-induced transcripts have a putative role in graft development, yield, fruit quality of scions and in response to abiotic or biotic factors ( Ren et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2019a , b ; Garcia-Lozano et al, 2020 ; Spanò et al, 2020 ) (described in following sections).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Grafting and The Epigenetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment

Kapazoglou¹,

Tani

Avramidou³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant grafting is an ancient agricultural practice widely employed in crops such as woody fruit trees, grapes, and vegetables, in order to improve plant performance. Successful grafting requires the interaction of compatible scion and rootstock genotypes. This involves an intricate network of molecular mechanisms operating at the graft junction and associated with the development and the physiology of the scion, ultimately leading to improved agricultural characteristics such as fruit quality and increased tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. Bidirectional transfer of molecular signals such as hormones, nutrients, proteins, and nucleic acids from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa have been well documented. In recent years, studies on rootstock-scion interactions have proposed the existence of an epigenetic component in grafting reactions. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules are known to modulate chromatin architecture, leading to gene expression changes and impacting cellular function. Mobile small RNAs (siRNAs) migrating across the graft union from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa mediate modifications in the DNA methylation pattern of the recipient partner, leading to altered chromatin structure and transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, graft-induced DNA methylation changes and gene expression shifts in the scion have been associated with variations in graft performance. If these changes are heritable they can lead to stably altered phenotypes and affect important agricultural traits, making grafting an alternative to breeding for the production of superior plants with improved traits. However, most reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process comprise studies related to vegetable grafting. In this review we will provide a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the epigenetic changes and transcriptional reprogramming associated with the rootstock–scion interaction focusing on woody plant species, including the recent findings arising from the employment of advanced—omics technologies as well as transgrafting methodologies and their potential exploitation for generating superior quality grafts in woody species. Furthermore, will discuss graft—induced heritable epigenetic changes leading to novel plant phenotypes and their implication to woody crop improvement for yield, quality, and stress resilience, within the context of climate change.

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“…Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important economic crop that accounts for about 9.5% of the total global vegetables production [1]. China is the main producer of watermelon, contributing up to nearly 60.6% of the yield worldwide [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Mechanism of Rootstock Damage during Clamping in Watermelon Grafting

Lou

et al. 2022

Horticulturae

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Rootstock has a soft tissue that should be held carefully to avoid mechanical damage. Holding the rootstock stem is a significant factor in the grafting process, with direct consequences on the survival rate of grafting. To analyze the damage mechanism of clamping rootstock, a finite element model of the clamping mechanism was established, and different clamping velocities and silicone rubber thicknesses were then studied in this study using the finite element method (FEM). The density and elasticity modulus of the rootstock stem and silicone rubber were determined experimentally using standard methods. The results show that as the clamping velocity increased, the contact force on the rootstock stem increased, and the clamping velocity should be lower than the critical velocity to reduce the probability of damage occurrence on the stem. The increase in silicone rubber thickness would decrease the force on the stem, while also resulting in the instability of the rootstock clamping. A silicone rubber thickness of 4 mm was confirmed as an appropriate thickness for this device. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and the mean error was 7.01% within the allowable range, which indicated that the FEM simulation model was reliable.

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Comparative analysis of primary metabolites and transcriptome changes between ungrafted and pumpkin-grafted watermelon during fruit development

Cited by 29 publications

References 79 publications

Vegetable Grafting From a Molecular Point of View: The Involvement of Epigenetics in Rootstock-Scion Interactions

Vegetable Grafting From a Molecular Point of View: The Involvement of Epigenetics in Rootstock-Scion Interactions

Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment

Study on the Mechanism of Rootstock Damage during Clamping in Watermelon Grafting

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