Comparative analysis of PSK peptide growth factor precursor homologs

Lorbiecke, René; Sauter, Margret

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(02)00101-2

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Two Arg residues (amino acids 58 and 59) and two Lys residues (amino acids 72 and 73) were found to border the PSK sequence, suggesting proteolytic processing of this precursor, as in the case of animal prohormone precursors. The signature motif Cx (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) [E/D/Q]xCx (2) RRx (3-4) AH[T/L/V]DYIYTQ derived from comparisons of 36 PSK genes (Lorbiecke and Sauter, 2002) was also conserved (Fig. 1B).…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Zepsk1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSK was also discovered from suspension cultures of rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and carrot (Daucus carota) and stimulated somatic embryogenesis as well as cell proliferation (Matsubayashi et al, 1997;Kobayashi et al, 1999;Hanai et al, 2000a). Identification of genes encoding approximately 80-amino acid precursors of PSK from various plant species revealed that each preproprotein of PSK has a secretory signal sequence at the N terminus and a PSK sequence near the C terminus flanked by dibasic amino acid residues, implying proteolytic processing similar to that of animal peptide hormones (Yang et al, 1999(Yang et al, , 2001Lorbiecke and Sauter, 2002;Igasaki et al, 2003). Tyr O-sulfation of PSK precursor, which is catalyzed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase in the Golgi apparatus (Hanai et al, 2000b), is essential for the biological activities of PSK .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Phytosulfokine in the Attenuation of Stress Response during the Transdifferentiation of Zinnia Mesophyll Cells into Tracheary Elements

et al. 2009

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Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a sulfated peptide hormone required for the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells. Here, we characterize the physiological roles of PSK in transdifferentiation of isolated mesophyll cells of zinnia (Zinnia elegans 'Canary Bird') into tracheary elements (TEs). Transcripts for a zinnia PSK precursor gene, ZePSK1, show two peaks of expression during TE differentiation; the first accumulation is transiently induced in response to wounding at 24 h of culture, and the second accumulation is induced in the final stage of TE differentiation and is dependent on endogenous brassinosteroids. Chlorate, a potent inhibitor of peptide sulfation, is successfully applied as an inhibitor of PSK action. Chlorate significantly suppresses TE differentiation. The chlorate-induced suppression of TE differentiation is overcome by exogenously applied PSK. In the presence of chlorate, expression of stress-related genes for proteinase inhibitors and a pathogenesis-related protein is enhanced and changed from a transient to a continuous pattern. On the contrary, administration of PSK significantly reduces the accumulation of transcripts for the stress-related genes. Even in the absence of auxin and cytokinin, addition of PSK suppresses stress-related gene expression. Microarray analysis reveals 66 genes down-regulated and 42 genes up-regulated in the presence of PSK. The large majority of down-regulated genes show significant similarity to various families of stress-related proteins, including chitinases, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, and receptor-like protein kinases. These results suggest the involvement of PSK in the attenuation of stress response and healing of wound-activated cells during the early stage of TE differentiation.

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Section: Expression Pattern Of Zepsk1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Involvement of Phytosulfokine in the Attenuation of Stress Response during the Transdifferentiation of Zinnia Mesophyll Cells into Tracheary Elements

et al. 2009

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“…Genes encoding possible PSK precursors are redundantly distributed throughout the genome (Yang et al, 2001;Lorbiecke and Sauter, 2002) and are expressed in a variety of tissues in addition to calluses, including leaves and roots (Yang et al, 2001), suggesting that PSK plays a basic role in plant growth and development. The main difficulty in dissecting the in planta function of PSK is that PSK precursor genes are so small and redundant that the loss-of-function strategy is not applicable.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disruption and Overexpression of Arabidopsis Phytosulfokine Receptor Gene Affects Cellular Longevity and Potential for Growth

et al. 2006

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Phytosulfokine (PSK), a 5-amino acid sulfated peptide that has been identified in conditioned medium of plant cell cultures, promotes cellular growth in vitro via binding to the membrane-localized PSK receptor. Here, we report that loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PSK receptor gene (AtPSKR1) alter cellular longevity and potential for growth without interfering with basic morphogenesis of plants. Although mutant pskr1-1 plants exhibit morphologically normal growth until 3 weeks after germination, individual pskr1-1 cells gradually lose their potential to form calluses as tissues mature. Shortly after a pskr1-1 callus forms, it loses potential for growth, resulting in formation of a smaller callus than the wild type. Leaves of pskr1-1 plants exhibit premature senescence after bolting. Leaves of AtPSKR1ox plants exhibit greater longevity and significantly greater potential for callus formation than leaves of wild-type plants, irrespective of their age. Calluses derived from AtPSKR1ox plants maintain their potential for growth longer than wild-type calluses. Combined with our finding that PSK precursor genes are more strongly expressed in mature plant parts than in immature plant parts, the available evidence indicates that PSK signaling affects cellular longevity and potential for growth and thereby exerts a pleiotropic effect on cultured tissue in response to environmental hormonal conditions.

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Section: Peptides With Specific Posttranslational Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSK is produced from a preprotein with a conserved characteristic motif in the C terminus, namely, YIYTQ in Arabidopsis and YIYSQ in rice (Lorbiecke and Sauter, 2002). PSK homologs are present in both monocots and dicots as small gene families (Lorbiecke and Sauter, 2002). In Arabidopsis, exogenous application of PSK caused enhanced root growth that was mainly a result of root cell elongation (Kutschmar et al, 2009).…”

Section: Peptides With Specific Posttranslational Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plant Peptidome: An Expanding Repertoire of Structural Features and Biological Functions

et al. 2015

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Comparative analysis of PSK peptide growth factor precursor homologs

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Involvement of Phytosulfokine in the Attenuation of Stress Response during the Transdifferentiation of Zinnia Mesophyll Cells into Tracheary Elements

Involvement of Phytosulfokine in the Attenuation of Stress Response during the Transdifferentiation of Zinnia Mesophyll Cells into Tracheary Elements

Disruption and Overexpression of Arabidopsis Phytosulfokine Receptor Gene Affects Cellular Longevity and Potential for Growth

The Plant Peptidome: An Expanding Repertoire of Structural Features and Biological Functions

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