Comparative Anatomical and Histological Study of Some Organs in Two Fish Species Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and Mesopotamichthys Sharpeyi (Günther, 1874)(cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

Abstract

The present study aims to give some details about the normal anatomical and histological structure of the liver, pancreas and gall bladder in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874). Anatomical results revealed that the liver of C. carpio is a reddish-brown in color, located in the anterior part of abdominal cavity and dispersed between most of the intestines, which is divided into two lobes, while in M. sharpeyi the liver is light brown in color located in the anterior part of abdominal cavity and extends to the end of the intestinal tract with two lobs. The gallbladder situated in the right side of the liver. Histological results in both species showed that the liver consists of hepatocyte arranged radially around a central vein, separated by blood sinusoids, not divided into distinct hexagonal lobules, no portal traids as in higher vertebrates. The wall of gallbladder consisted of three distinct layers: Tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Microscopic results showed that exocrine pancreatic tissue was diffused type in both species located in liver and consists of acini as "hepatopancreas " however pancreatic tissue diffused between the intestinal coiling in C. carpio and the internal surface of the liver in M. sharpeyi. Endocrine parts of pancreas were observed in few numbers of cell masses in various sizes among exocrine pancreatic cells.

Analysis of Working Postures with Musculoskeletal Disorders (Msds) Complaint of Tailors in Ulak Kerbau Baru Village, Ogan Ilir

“…35 )Decreased estrogen and progesterone hormones can be caused by many things, such as caring for children women who are breastfeeding and, women who have experienced menopause and women who takes care of the household snd their stress triggered by it. 36) There is no relationship between sex with MSDs complaints based on the researchers' assumptions because the percentage of female workers is greater than that of men so this results has an uneven distribution. Facts on the field show that female tailors over the age of 35 are more numerous than men.…”

“…In addition, the body will produce metabolic waste such as lactic acid that cannot be transported out due to disrupted blood circulation which builds up and causes pain. 36) Based on field observations on tailors in Desa Ulak Kerbau Baru, there was a mismatch between work designs and workers which resulted in the work posture being not ergonomic. The work design mismatch is proved by the design of the chair used by tailors while working and makes workers feel the most complaints MSDs on the above of their waist (68%), upper neck and back (45.3%) and lower neck (44%).…”