Comparative application of testosterone undecanoate and/or testosterone propionate in induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats

An, Jinho; Kong, Hyunseok

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268695

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We observed a dose‐dependent benign prostate hyperplasia with saturation from 5 mg/kg bw on 39 . Due to the relative short treatment time, we did not directly screen for prostate cancer, but observed no salient evidence for it either.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…7,38 We observed a dose-dependent benign prostate hyperplasia with saturation from 5 mg/kg bw on. 39 Due to the relative short treatment time, we did not directly screen for prostate cancer, but observed no salient evidence for it either. While a significant increase in heart wet weight was observable, this even observable without the extra stimulus of exercise, for the two highest treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Up to the maximum—testosterone dose‐dependent effects on anabolic and androgen responsive tissues in orchiectomized rats

Derwand,

Zierau,

Thieme

et al. 2023

Andrology

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BackgroundDespite the high number of synthetic androgenic–anabolic steroids, testosterone is still misused for doping in amateur and professional sports.However, only few studies investigated the dose–response effects of testosterone beyond its physiological concentrations and in over 90 years of research, no saturation dosage has been experimentally described for exogenous testosterone administration.ObjectivesWe want to elucidate the physiological and pathophysiological effects of supra‐physiological testosterone application and close this gap in testosterone dose–response data.Materials and methodsMale orchiectomized rats were treated with different testosterone doses ranging from 0.1 to 50 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks. Several physiological endpoints (e.g., body weight, organ and muscle weight, muscle strength, muscle fiber size) were examined during and after the termination of the treatment with an adjusted Hershberger assay, open‐field‐test, and (immuno‐)histologic.ResultsThe wet weights of androgen responsive organs (penis, prostate, seminal vesicle) showed a significant increase in a dose‐dependent manner. Histological evaluation of the prostate showed a significant higher percentage of KI67 positive prostate nuclei in the highest dosage group and an increasing hyperplasia with increasing testosterone administered. A significant anabolic effect was only observed in Levator ani wet weight, and to minor degree for the cardiac muscle. Regarding other skeletal muscles (Musculus soleus and Musculus gastrognemicus), no significant testosterone effects were observed. We showed a significant increasing dosage–response effect for testosterone in androgen responsive organs with saturation at the two highest concentration of 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight.Discussion and conclusionThe dose‐dependent androgenic effects of testosterone were well observable and the anabolic effects on muscle tissue were visible although to a lesser degree, without the support of aerobic exercise and a protein rich diet. Future studies should investigate a combinatorial effect of testosterone and training. Nevertheless, with the chosen range of applied testosterone, we showed a saturation of testosterone effects in prostate, seminal vesicle, penis, and Levator ani.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Up to the maximum—testosterone dose‐dependent effects on anabolic and androgen responsive tissues in orchiectomized rats

Derwand,

Zierau,

Thieme

et al. 2023

Andrology

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“…The control group rats underwent a sham operation. Testosterone undecanoate (125 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously every 3 weeks to induce BPH, and the control group rats were injected with corn oil instead [ 11 ]. Simultaneously, the BPH+Fina group rats were treated with 0.8 mg/kg of finasteride for 12 weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BPH is characterized by an increased prostate profile with high 5α-reductase and DHT levels. Additionally, increased levels of the AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), antiapoptosis in the prostate, inflammatory response, and chronic inflammation have been reported [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Gut Microbes in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Model and Finasteride Treatment Model

Song

Kim

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Gut microbes are closely associated with disease onset and improvement. However, the effects of gut microbes on the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are still unclear. We investigated the alteration of gut microbiota with implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BPH and identified correlations among various indicators, including hormone indicators, apoptosis markers in BPH, and finasteride treatment models. BPH induction altered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Flavonifractor, Acetatifactor, Oscillibacter, Pseudoflavonifractor, Intestinimonas, and Butyricimonas genera, which are related to BPH indicators. Among these, the altered abundance of Lactobacillus and Acetatifactor was associated with the promotion and inhibition of prostate apoptosis, respectively. Finasteride treatment altered the abundance of Barnesiella, Acetatifactor, Butyricimonas, Desulfovibrio, Anaerobacterium, and Robinsoniella genera, which are related to BPH indicators. Among these, altered abundances of Desulfovibrio and Acetatifactor were associated with the promotion and inhibition of prostate apoptosis, respectively. In addition, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Acetatifactor were normalized after finasteride treatment. In conclusion, the association between apoptosis and altered abundances of Lactobacillus and Acetatifactor, among other gut microbes, suggests their potential utility in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BPH.

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“…Age-related increases in testosterone insufficiency prevalence are well-documented, but declining testosterone levels in aging individuals can be partly attributed to illness or senility [7][8][9][10][11]. Symptoms associated with aging and hypogonadism overlap, suggesting a potential link between age-related symptoms and androgen deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, ‘Optimisation,’ Characterization, and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Testosterone Undecanoate Loaded Proniosome Capsule for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

Singh,

Soni,

Kumari

2024

ASEAN Sci Tech Rept

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This study focuses on creating and evaluating proniosome capsules as a potential drug delivery method to increase the oral bioavailability of testosterone undecanoate. The three main stages of the study are proniosome capsule fabrication optimization, characterization, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. The most prominent response surface approach (CCD – Central Composite Design) was used in the fabrication-optimization phase to determine the appropriate ratios of the factors that have the greatest effects on the particle size, PDI, and percentage of drug entrapment of testosterone undecanoate proniosomes. Creating testosterone undecanoate-loaded proniosomal formulations was possible using various ratios of span 60 and cholesterol. The physical and chemical characteristics of proniosome capsules, such as size, shape, surface charge, and drug-release kinetics, such as percentage drug entrapment, Vesicle size (nm), and PDI, must be thoroughly analyzed. Animal models were used to determine how the proniosome capsules affect the bioavailability of testosterone undecanoate after oral administration. Factors like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are carefully evaluated to determine whether the capsules successfully enhance drug delivery. The reduced particle size, polydispersity index (PDI, 282.33 ± 1.52 nm and 0.181 ± 0.003), and the highest entrapment efficiency (98.12 ± 1.03%) made the optimized formulation the ideal formulation. The Higuchi model provided the most comprehensive justification for releasing the testosterone undecanoate from proniosome compositions. Up to six months of storage, no changes of any type, even those to the proniosomes' color, were seen. There was no drug leakage during the stability study, according to the percentage of drug entrapment data. Positive findings from the in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation also suggested that testosterone undecanoate proniosome formulations may last significantly longer than a pure drug in vivo.

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Comparative application of testosterone undecanoate and/or testosterone propionate in induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Up to the maximum—testosterone dose‐dependent effects on anabolic and androgen responsive tissues in orchiectomized rats

Up to the maximum—testosterone dose‐dependent effects on anabolic and androgen responsive tissues in orchiectomized rats

Alteration of Gut Microbes in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Model and Finasteride Treatment Model

Fabrication, ‘Optimisation,’ Characterization, and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Testosterone Undecanoate Loaded Proniosome Capsule for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

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