Comparative chemical study and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of three Artemisia species from Egypt and Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) distilled from three wild Artemisia species, Artemisia herba‐alba, Artemisia judaica, and Artemisia monosperma, collected from Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The antibacterial activities of the EOs for all species were determined using the Agar disc diffusion method. The yield of the EOs ranged from 0.16 to 0.49%. The results showed that A. monosperma plants growing in Saudi Arabia gave the highest yield, compared with A. herba‐alba, A. judaica, and A. monosperma collected from Egypt. In total, 92 volatile compounds were identified from the aerial parts of the plants using GC‐MS. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the major class in A. herba‐alba (75.31%) and A. judaica (83.07%), whereas monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major representative group in A. monosperma collected from both Saudi Arabia (34.23%) and Egypt (36.23%). Yomogi alcohol (22.4%), artemesia alcohol (9.91%), and 1,8‐cineole (9.68%) were the major components of the EO of A. herba‐alba, whereas camphor (31.4%), piperitone (29.9%), and endo‐borneol (5.72%) were characterized as the main compounds in A. judaica. β‐Vinylnaphthalene (24.89%), β‐eudesmol (15.41%), and β‐pinene (20.67%) represented the main components of the EO of Saudi Arabian A. monosperma, but β‐pinene (11.89%), (–)‐spathulenol (8.84%), p‐cymene (8.83%), and shyobunone (7.05%) were the major components of the EO of Egyptian A. monosperma. Herein, a comparative analysis between the EOs of Egyptian Artemisia and those collected from Saudi Arabia was performed with principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.5 to2.5 μL per disc against different microorganisms. Artemisia judaica and A. monosperma (Saudi Arabia) plants had the highest MICs and A. monosperma (Egypt) had the lowest MIC, which may indicate different compositions as a result of climatic variation.

Comparative Study on the Essential Oils from Five Wild Egyptian Centaurea Species: Effective Extraction Techniques, Antimicrobial Activity and In-Silico Analyses

“…Monoterpenes, basically constructed from an isoprene unit, were recognized as the main components in most of the EOs derived from the plant kingdom [ 40 ]. However, several Centaurea species were described to include traces and/or absence of monoterpenes such as C. appendicigera , C. helenioides [ 16 ] and C. kilaea [ 27 ].…”

Extraction development for antimicrobial and phytotoxic essential oils from asteraceae species: Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum

“…Asteraceae is one of the highest represented plant families in Sinai at over 15% based on species numbers. In a continuing investigation of secondary metabolites from natural sources, 4‐10 here we compare essential oils extraction protocols for Asteraceae species abundant in Sinai.…”

Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques

“…Continuing our target for finding eco-friendly natural bioactive compounds [ 6 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], our study aimed to (1) characterize the chemical profiles of the EOs of two medicinal plants belonging to Family Lamiaceae, T. polium and T. decussatus , collected from the Saint Katherine Protectorate, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, (2) evaluate the phytotoxic effects of the extracted EOs on Lactuca sativa (lettuce), (2) determine the antimicrobial activities of EOs on different microorganisms, and (4) evaluate the significance of the extraction method on the chemical composition via chemometrics analysis.…”