Comparative Chemoprofiling and Biological Potential of ThreeEucalyptusSpecies Growing in Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

Chemical profile of the essential oils of three Eucalyptus species viz. Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus lanceolatus and Eucalyptus globulus was determined by GC-MS. Seventeen components were identified in E. globulus oil, among them p-cymene (31.88 %), eucalyptol (17.47 %), α-pinene (17.18 %), were the major components. Major components of E. lanceolatus oil were p-cymene (54.75 %), eucalyptol (18.88 %)and β-phellandrene (18.86 %) and four major monoterpenes compounds viz., Isopulegol (51.12 %), β-citronellal (29.15 %), L-isopulegol (11.49 %) and citronellyl acetate (5.77 %) were identified in E. citriodora oil. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated against seven bacterial and three plant pathogenic fungal strains. E. citriodora oil inhibited the growth of all the test bacterial strains with the significant inhibition against Pseudomonas alcaligenes (23±0.73 mm) and also showed potential antifungal activity especially against Alternaria alternata (IC 50 value 0.16±0.012 %). E. lanceolatus essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (33±0.97 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (27±0.69 mm) and also possesses moderate antioxidant activity (IC 50 value 534±9.31 μg/ml) in DPPH system. E. citriodora and E. globulus showed negligible radical scavenging activity. Cytotoxic potential of the E. citriodora oil was found maximum against breast (T 47D) and prostrate (PC-3) cancer cell lines with 86 % and 76 % growth inhibitions, respectively. The present study emphasizes that E. citriodora essential oil is a potential inhibitor of different bacterial and fungal strains and also possesses significant cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, whereas of E. lanceolatus essential oil is a noteworthy free radical scavenger.

The Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Bioactivities of the Corymbia Genus (Myrtaceae)

“…Shikimic acid; quinic acid; glutaric acid; succinic acid; malic acid; citric acid [42]; Anti-Fungal Activity: potent fungicidal activity of leaf EO against C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis [55]; anti-fungal activity of leaf EO against M. canis, M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum [56]; anti-fungal activity of leaf EO against A. alternata, C. lunata and B. specifera [57]; leaf EO enhanced wound healing rate of C. albicans-infected wounds in rats [44]; anti-fungal activity of petroleum ether leaf extract [58]; anti-fungal activity observed in leaf/twig EO [33]; fungicidal activity of leaf EO against C. albicans [36]; anti-fungal activity against P. notatum, A. niger and F. oxysporium observed for 7-O-methylaromadendrin, 7-O-methylkaempferol and ellagic acid [54]. Anti-Bacterial Activity: anti-bacterial activity of leaf extracts against M. aureus, E. coli and My.…”

“…Anti-Diabetic Activity: betulinic acid and corosolic acid isolated from C. citriodora leaves enhanced GLUT-4 translocation activity [51]; aqueous leaf extract enhanced insulin secretion and glucose uptake in vitro and had anti-diabetic effects in high-fat-fed rats [80,83]; EtOH leaf extract had anti-diabetic and insulinotropic activity in high-fat-fed rats [21]. Anti-Cancer Activity: Anti-proliferative activity of aqueous extract against MIA, PaCa-2, BxPC-3, CFPAC-1 and HPDE cells [30]; leaf EO exhibited anti-proliferative activity against THP-1 cells [84]; EtOAc fraction of EtOH kino extract and isolated 6-[1-(p-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]-7-O-methylaromadendrin exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity and apoptosis induction in B16F10 melanoma cells [40]; aqueous fraction of EtOH kino extract inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells [41]; leaf EO showed potent anti-cancer activity against HCT-116, MCF-7 and hepG-2 cells [76]; moderate cytotoxicity of leaf EO against A-549, PC-3, T98G and T47D cells [57]; fruit EO was cytotoxic toward A549, HeLa and CHOK1 cells [85]. Other Bioactivity: aqueous extract of leaves and branches detoxified mycotoxins aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 [86]; leaf EO exhibited anti-spasmodic effects via inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction of a rat ileum [29]; mosquito repellence [43,87]; acetone leaf extract delayed loss of climbing ability and reduced oxidative stress in transgenic Drosophila expressing h-αS in the neurons [88].…”

“…The leaf EO of C. citriodora has been established to have excellent anti-fungal activity and has been observed to have low microgram to high nanogram/mL MIC and MFC concentrations in a wide variety of species including C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, A. alternata, C. lunata, B. specifera, M. canis, M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. niger, F. oxysporum, P. funiculosum, P. ochrochloron and R. solani [33,36,[55][56][57]. The major constituent of C. citriodora EO, citronellal [33,56], has previously been shown to have potent anti-fungal activity against R. solani and H. oryzae [156].…”

“…These biological activities are discussed in the subsections below. [33,36,[55][56][57]. The major constituent of C. citriodora EO, citronellal [33,56], has previously been shown to have potent anti-fungal activity against R. solani and H. oryzae [156].…”

“…The EOs and extracts of several Corymbia species have been shown to have cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects in a range of different cancers. The EO of C. citriodora has been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative effects against leukaemia THP-1 cells [84] and cytotoxicity against lung cancer A-549, prostate cancer PC-3, glioblastoma T98G, breast cancers T47D and MCF-7, colon cancer HCT-116 and liver cancer Hep G-2 cells [57,76]. The fruit EO of C. citriodora also showed cytotoxic activity in A549, HeLa and CHOK1 cells [85].…”