Comparative Effects of Functional Task Training Versus Functional Therapy Program on Gross Motor Function, Range of Motion and Balance in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Abstract

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder affecting the developing fetal or newborn brain, leading to impairments in muscle tone, reflexes, posture, coordination, and motor skills. Functional Task Training (FTT) and Functional Therapy Programs (FTP) are rehabilitation techniques aimed at improving the physical capabilities of children with CP. Objective: To determine the comparative effects of Functional Task Training versus a Functional Therapy Program on gross motor function, range of motion, and balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2, 2023, to May 31, 2023, at Rising Sun for Special Children in Lahore. A sample of 18 children, aged 6-12 years, diagnosed with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (GMFCS level I-II), was randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received FTT, and Group B received FTP. Both groups underwent their respective interventions for 50 minutes per day, three times a week, over 12 weeks (36 sessions). Data collection tools included the Goniometer for range of motion (ROM), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) for balance, and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) for motor function. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with paired and independent t-tests to compare pre- and post-intervention scores within and between groups, respectively. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 8.67±2.39 years in Group A and 9.89±1.96 years in Group B. No significant differences were found between the two groups in GMFM domains A, B, C, and E, or in the total GMFM score (p > 0.05). Post-intervention GMFM total scores were 83.11±2.09 in Group A and 84.33±3.42 in Group B (p = 0.375). PBS scores showed no significant differences post-intervention, with mean scores of 36.66±5.02 in Group A and 41.33±7.57 in Group B (p = 0.140). ROM measures indicated significant improvements within Group A in left hip flexion, abduction, and extension (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both Functional Task Training and Functional Therapy Programs were equally effective in improving gross motor function, balance, and range of motion in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. These findings support the use of both interventions as effective rehabilitation strategies in this population. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Functional Task Training, Functional Therapy Program, Gross Motor Function, Pediatric Balance Scale, Range of Motion, Pediatric Rehabilitation, Hemiplegic CP, Randomized Clinical Trial. Management