Comparative Estimation of Exposure Level and Health Risk Assessment of Highly Produced Pesticides to Agriculture Operators by Using Default Dermal Absorption Rate or Actual Measurement Values

Abstract

Pesticides are widely used to prevent loss of agricultural production but extensive exposure can induce health problems to pesticide operators. This study was performed to evaluate the health risk of highly produced pesticides used in fruit growing farm land by comparison of estimated exposure level with AOEL using KO-POEM program. AOEL was driven based on NOAEL of each pesticide evaluated by JMPR, EFSA or KRDA. In calculation of exposure level, types of formulation, dilution factors, spraying duration and motor type and exposure protection device were allocated according to actual condition of use. Dermal absorption rate was differently applied among EFSA default values (25% or 75%), general default value (10%) or real test result values to know the plausibility of default values and safety of pesticide to operators in outline. Twenty pesticide ingredients (fungicides and insecticides) were produced more than 30 tons per year, which were mancozeb, chlorothalonil, imidaclopirid and etc in order. Dermal absorption rates obtained from studies were various from 0.07 to 81% but mostly under 10%. The estimated exposure levels showed big differences more than 10 times higher when using EFSA default rate and up to 5 times higher when using general rate of 10% comparing using rates of test results. Mancozeb, chlorthalonil, diazinon and chlorpyrifos presented still higher exposure level than AOEL even when using test absorption rate from study, which suggests that re-evaluation of AOEL or dermal exposure absorption rate or strict management are required for health protection of operators who use those four pesticides in farm land.

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Producers’ Exposure Level to Pesticides, in Kouka and Toussiana (Burkina Faso)

“…Parameters such as the application method, the formulation and the PPP’ concentration, the personal protective equipment (PPE), the dose and the volume of application were used in the model in accordance with local practice. This model was also used by other authors [ 7 , 26 , 27 ]. All the required parameters in this model are presented in the Table 1 .…”

Mapping of Pesticide Transmission on Biological Tissues by Surface Enhanced Raman Microscopy with a Gold Nanoparticle Mirror

“…Dermal exposure to pesticides may pose a potential risk to humans. − Farmers or ramblers may get dermal exposure during agrochemical applications upon crops in the field. − Dermal re-entry could also occur when they re-enter an area that was previously treated with pesticides . The determinations of pesticide residues on crops and skin, as well as the potential transmission of pesticide residues from crops to skin, are therefore significant factors of evaluation when assessing the health risks of pesticide exposure.…”

“…36−39 Dermal re-entry could also occur when they re-enter an area that was previously treated with pesticides. 40 The determinations of pesticide residues on crops and skin, as well as the potential transmission of pesticide residues from crops to skin, are therefore significant factors of evaluation when assessing the health risks of pesticide exposure.…”