Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro

Abstract

Background One of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different fluoride varnishes, enamel matrix protein, and self-assembling peptide derivatives with varying chemical compositions on remineralization of artificially created WSLs in vitro using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Methods Artificial WSLs were created on bovine enamel samples using acidic buffer solution (pH 5, 10 days). Specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group): (1) Emdogain (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), (2) Curodont Repair (Credentis AG, Switzerland), (3) Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, NY), (4) Clinpro XT (3 M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), (5) Enamel Pro Varnish (Premier Dental Products, PA, USA), and (6) control (untreated). The agents were applied to the WSLs according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion area (area), and impact (ΔQ) values of enamel surfaces were quantified by QLF-D BiluminatorTM (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at baseline and after 7, 14, and 21 days of application of the respective materials. Results ΔF value presented a significantly decreasing trend throughout the 21 days for all groups except the Duraphat and Enamel Pro varnishes. The changes between 14th and 21st days of the Clinpro XT varnish application were significantly higher than Emdogain, Curodont, and Enamel Pro. The Curodont group showed higher lesion area changes between the first and second week in comparison to the Emdogain, Clinpro XT, and Enamel Pro groups, whereas Clinpro XT assured the highest reduction from the second to the third week of the observation period. Conclusions The fluorescence loss was significantly reduced with enamel matrix protein, self-assembling peptide, and light-curable fluoride varnishes in the analysis for 21 days. Curodont and Clinpro XT were effective in diminishing the fluorescence loss and lesion area compared to the Duraphat, Enamel Pro fluoride varnishes, and Emdogain in different time points.

Comparative Evaluation of Influence of Self-assembling Peptide P11-4 Based Remineralization Agent on Incipient Dental Caries Lesions of Primary Teeth: A Polarized Light Microscopic Study

“…These binding sites are approximately 9.4 Å apart, the distance normally present in the natural hydroxyapatite crystal. 17 These peptides structurally resemble biological macromolecules in the mammalian skeleton and provide matrix-mediated mineralization. 11 Furthermore, as Curodont TM Protect also comprises sodium monofluorophosphate (900 μm), the fluoride may exert a synergistic influence on remineralization potential.…”

Effect of an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) on the microhardness and chemical composition of human root dentin: an in vitro study

“…The FTIR analysis is a reliable way to generate evidence about the presence of functional groups present in the structure of a sample, which can be used to identify a compound or to investigate its chemical composition 25 . Since EMD (Emdogain) is a mixture of hydrophobic enamel matrix proteins [derived from 6-month-old porcine tooth buds] containing amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, amelin, and ameloblastin, in a propylene glycol alginate (PGA) 30 its proteins guide tissue regeneration and induce remineralization of enamel and dentin 31 , 32 .…”

Synergistic remineralization of enamel white spot lesions using mesoporous bioactive glasses loaded with amorphous calcium phosphate

“…Representative FM images are shown in Figure 6. These images reflect the fact that the fluorescent dye adsorbs to the dense remineralized enamel in the cross-section aren't easily washed away by deionized water, whereas the fluorescent dye adsorbed on the sparse demineralized enamel in the cross-section are easily washed away by flowing water (Lena Sezici et al, 2021). So, the red remineralized fluorescence band formed in the surface layer of the enamel after remineralization represents the depth of remineralization (H).…”