Comparative in vitro antimicrobial procedural efficacy for susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor

Saxena, Sanjai; Gomber, Charu

doi:10.1080/09674845.2008.11732825

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A number of limitations have been associated with the detection of MRSA which include a difficulty due to the presence of subpopulations within a given culture of staphylococci where one is susceptible and the other is resistant. It has been stated that all cultured cells have the genetic ability to express resistance; however, only some populations express that resistance in vitro in a phenomenon referred to as heteroresistance (54). Heteroresistance is reported to be associated with staphylococci that are resistant to penicillinase-stable penicillins, such as oxacillin, and because these cell populations grow at a slower rate than oxacillin-susceptible populations, has led the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) to recommend that plates be incubated for a full 24 hours at 33–35°C (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents amongStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad

Gordon¹,

Marshall²,

Ramdass³

et al. 2014

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged recently worldwide in production animals, particularly pigs and veal calves, which act as reservoirs for MRSA strains for human infection. The study determined the prevalence of MRSA and other resistant strains of S. aureus isolated from the anterior nares of pigs and human handlers on pig farms in Trinidad.MethodsIsolation of S. aureus was done by concurrently inoculating Baird-Parker agar (BPA) and Chromagar MRSA (CHROM) with swab samples and isolates were identified using standard methods. Suspect MRSA isolates from Chromagar and BPA were subjected to confirmatory test using Oxoid PBP2 latex agglutination test. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to antimicrobial agents.ResultsThe frequency of isolation of MRSA was 2.1% (15 of 723) for pigs but 0.0% (0 of 72) for humans. Generally, for isolates of S. aureus from humans there was a high frequency of resistance compared with those from pigs, which had moderate resistance to the following antimicrobials: penicillin G (54.5%, 51.5%), ampicillin (59.1%, 49.5%), and streptomycin (59.1%, 37.1%), respectively. There was moderate resistance to tetracycline (36.4%, 41.2%) and gentamycin (27.2%, 23.7%) for human and pig S. aureus isolates, respectively, and low resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (4.5%, 6.2%) and norfloxacin (9.1%, 12.4%), respectively. The frequency of resistance to oxacillin by the disc method was 36.4 and 34.0% from S. aureus isolates from humans and pigs, respectively. Out of a total of 78 isolates of S. aureus from both human and pig sources that were resistant to oxacillin by the disc diffusion method, only 15 (19.2%) were confirmed as MRSA by the PBP'2 latex test kit.ConclusionsThe detection of MRSA strains in pigs, albeit at a low frequency, coupled with a high frequency of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in pig and humans could have zoonotic and therapeutic implications. Finally, the diagnostic limitation of using CHROMagar and testing for oxacillin resistance by the disc diffusion method alone to determine MRSA strains without performing confirmatory tests cannot be overemphasized because the possibility of overdiagnosis of MRSA infections cannot be ignored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents amongStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad

Gordon¹,

Marshall²,

Ramdass³

et al. 2014

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…If the diameter of the clear zone or inhibit zone is greater than 20 mm means that the test sample has a strong activity The inhibitory diameter of 16-10 mm has a moderate activity, a 10 mm inhibitory diameter has a weak activity and a small inhibitory diameter of 10 has very weak activity (Saxena and Gomber, 2008). This is in contrast to the diameter of the clear zone produced by Amoxicillin in general ranging from 11.80 -12.08 mm and 12.08 -19.97 mm for Gram positive and negative bacteria at concentrations of 3.8 μg/mL indicating that Amoxicillin has activity is.…”

Section: Fig 1 Anti-bacterial Activity Test Of N-hexane Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of The Hexane Extract from Leaf of Plant Solanum Ferox L

Hazimah¹,

Azharman²,

Yuharmen³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education, AISTSSE 2018

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Solanum ferox or Acid aubergine plants is one of the vegetables that are made in the food. Solanum ferox contains terpenoid compounds, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Solanum ferox has antipyretic active compounds, antirheumatic, antiasthma, antiviral, and as a syphilis drug. The purpose of this research is the antibacterial activity of Solanum ferox plant leaf extract. Solanum ferox leaves are extracted using n-hexane. The extract was tested for antibacterial activity using a diffusion method to use E.coli, S.aureus and B.subtilis bacteria. Amoxicillin is used as a positive standard, whereas negative control is the solvent used to dissolve the sample. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane extract and amoxicillin showed inhibitory zone to E.coli of 7.80-12.93 mm and 19.97 mm, whereas in S.aureus and B.subtilis did not provide inhibition zone.

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“…2. It is evident that phototreated CHL solutions did non exhibit any residual antibiotic activity against and , two bacteria that are highly sensitive to CHL [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloramphenicol Removal from Wastewater by UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process

Zuorro¹,

Lavecchia

2013

AMR

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Comparative in vitro antimicrobial procedural efficacy for susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents amongStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad

Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents amongStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad

Antibacterial Activity of The Hexane Extract from Leaf of Plant Solanum Ferox L

Chloramphenicol Removal from Wastewater by UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Advanced Oxidation Process

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